动词时态教案.docx

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动词时态教案.docx

动词时态教案

教学内容

动词时态

教学重、难点

1.动词的四种形式

2.不规则动词表

3.动词的八种时态的用法

教学过程

一、动词的基本形式:

英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

1.动词的基本构成及形式:

形式

构成

例词

动词原形

词典中一般给出的形式

be,have,come,do

 

第三人称单数形式

在动词原形后+s

run—runs,like—likes

以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词后+es

teach—teaches,wash—washes,

go—goes,pass—passes

以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改y为i再+es

try—tries,study—studies

have─has

 

现在分词

在动词原形后+ing

read—reading

以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再+ing

write—writing,have—having

以重读闭音节结尾的词, 末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写此字母后再+ing

swim—swimming,dig—digging

少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ing

die—dying,lie—lying

过去式与过去分词(规则变化)

在动词原形后+ed

work—worked

以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改y为i再+ed

carry—carried,study—studied

以重读闭音节结尾的词, 末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写此字母后再+ed

stop—stopped,plan—planned

说明:

①词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/d/.

②词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t/,/d/后读/z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/,/dz/.

2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词:

原型

过去式

过去分词

原型

过去式

过去分词

1.AAA型

cost

cost

cost

put

put

put

cut

cut

cut

read

read[red]

read[red]

hit

hit

hit

set

set

set

hurt

hurt

hurt

shut

shut

shut

let

let

let

hurt

hurt

hurt

2.AAB型

beat

beat

beaten

3.ABA型

become

became

become

run

ran

run

come

came

come

原型

过去式

过去分词

原型

过去式

过去分词

4.ABB型

(1)原型后加d或t:

burn

burnt

burnt

mean

meant

meant

hear

heard

heard

spoil

spoilt

spoilt

learn

learnt

learnt

(2)原型改d为t

build

built

built

send

sent

sent

lend

lent

lent

spend

spent

spent

(3)其他

bring

brought

brought

meet

met

met

buy

bought

bought

pay

paid

paid

catch

caught

caught

say

said

said

dig

dug

dug

sell

sold

sold

feel

felt

felt

shine

shone(shined)

shone(shined)

fight

fought

fought

sit

sat

sat

find

found

found

sleep

slept

slept

get

got

got

smell

smelt(smelled)

smelt(smelled)

hang

hung(hanged)

hung(hanged)

spill

spilt

spilt

have,has

had

had

spit

spat

spat

hide

hid

hid(hidden)

stand

stood

stood

hold

held

held

sweep

swept

swept

keep

kept

kept

teach

taught

taught

lay

laid

laid

tell

told

told

leave

left

left

think

thought

thought

lose

lost

lost

understand

understood

understood

make

made

made

win

won

won

5.ABC型

(1)原型后加n或en:

blow

blew

blown

mistake

mistook

mistaken

draw

drew

drawn

ride

rode

ridden

drive

drove

driven

rise

rose

risen

eat

ate

eaten

see

saw

seen

fall

fell

fallen

show

showed

shown

原型

过去式

过去分词

原型

过去式

过去分词

give

gave

given

take

took

taken

grow

grew

grown

throw

threw

thrown

know

knew

known

write

wrote

writen

(2)过去式后加n或en

break

broke

broken

sink

sunk(sank)

sunken(sunk)

choose

chose

chosen

speak

spoke

spoken

forget

forgot

forgotten

wake

woke

woken

freeze

froze

frozen

(3)改i为a(过去式)和u(过去分词)

begin

began

begun

sing

sang

sung

drink

drank

drunk

swim

swam

swum

ring

rang

rung

(4)其他

be(am,is)

was

been

go

went

gone

be(are)

were

been

lie

lay

lain

do

did

done

wear

wore

worn

fly

flew

flown

二、动词的时态:

在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,初中阶段学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下:

一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在

一般现在时:

①do②does

现在进行时:

am/is/aredoing

现在完成时:

has/havedone

现在完成进行时:

has/havebeendoing

过去

一般过去时:

did

过去进行时:

was/weredoing

过去完成时:

haddone(初三学)

将来

一般将来时:

①am/is/aregoingtodo②will/shalldo

过去将来

过去将来时:

①was/weregoingtodo②would/shoulddo

1.一般现在时:

(1)构成:

①动词原形②动词第三人称单数形式

(2)形式:

①be动词:

肯定句:

主语+am/is/are+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:

Iam/I’mastudent.Youare/You’reastudent.Heis/He’s/Sheis/She’sastudent.

Itis/It’sanapple.Weare/We’re/Youare/You’re/Theyare/They’restudents.

Theyare/They’remine.Itis/It’srainy.

否定句:

主语+am/is/are+not+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:

Iamnot/I’mnotastudent.Youarenot/You’renot/Youaren’tastudent.

Heisnot/He’snot/Heisn’tastudent.Sheisnot/She’snot/Sheisn’tastudent.

Itisnot/It’snot/Itisn’tanapple.Wearenot/We’renot/Wearen’tstudents.

Theyarenot/They’renot/Theyaren’tstudents.

Theyarenot/They’renot/Theyaren’tmine.Itisnot/It’snot/Itisn’trainy.

疑问句:

Am/Is/Are+主语+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:

AmIastudent?

Areyouastudent?

Ishe/sheastudent?

Isitanapple?

Arewe/you/theystudents?

Aretheyyours?

Isitrainy?

②其它动词:

肯定句:

主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/You/We/You/TheystudyEnglisheveryday.

He/ShestudiesEnglisheveryday.Itrainseveryday.

否定句:

主语+don’t/doesn’t(第三人称单数)+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/You/We/You/Theydon’tstudyEnglisheveryday.

He/Shedoesn’tstudyEnglisheveryday.Itdoesn’traineveryday.

疑问句:

Do/Does+主语+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

DoI/You/We/You/TheystudyEnglisheveryday?

Doeshe/shestudyEnglisheveryday?

Doesitraineveryday?

(3)用法:

①表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态

eg:

IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。

(动作)

Thereare50studentsinourclass.我们班上有50名学生。

(状态)

②表示一种客观事实或普遍真理(注:

无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中)

eg:

Theearthisround.地球是圆的。

Theteachersaidthesunisbiggerthantheearth.老师说太阳比地球大。

③表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解)

eg:

Shelikesbasketballgames.她喜欢篮球比赛。

(兴趣)

Iwantacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。

(心理状态)

④在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作,“主将从现”

关键词:

if,when,assoonas等

eg:

AssoonasIgetthere,I’llcallyouup.我一到那就打电话给你。

Idon’tknowifhewillcometomorrow.Ifhecomes,Iwilltellyou.

我不知道明天他是否会来。

如果他来了,我会告诉你。

Idon’tknowwhenhewillcometomorrow.Whenhecomes,Iwilltellyou.

我不知道明天他什么时候会来。

当他来的时候,我会告诉你。

(4)时间状语(标志):

always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,onSundays/Mondays/…,

everymorning/afternoon/…/day/week/…/minute/second/Sunday/Monday…

练习:

1.Myfatherisverybusy.He___________(go)toworkearlyeverymorning.

2.Ifhe________harder,hewillcatchupwith(赶上)ussoon.

A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied

3.Mothertoldmethemoon________(go)aroundtheearth.

2.一般过去时:

(1)构成:

动词的过去式

(2)形式:

①be动词:

肯定句:

主语+was/were+表语

eg:

I/He/She/Itwasthere.We/You/Theywerethere.

否定句:

主语+was/were+not+表语

eg:

I/He/She/Itwasnotthere.We/You/Theywerenotthere.

疑问句:

Was/Were+主语+表语

eg:

WasI/he/she/itthere?

Werewe/you/theythere?

②其它动词:

肯定句:

主语+动词的过去式(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/You/He/She/We/You/Theyworkedthere.Itrainedyesterday.

否定句:

主语+didnot/didn’t+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/You/He/She/We/You/Theydidnot/didn’tworkthere.

Itdidnot/didn’trainyesterday.

疑问句:

Did+主语+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

DidI/you/he/she/we/you/theyworkthere?

Diditrainyesterday?

(3)用法:

①表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态

eg:

HewenttoBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天早上去北京了。

(动作)

Therewere1000studentsinourschoollastyear.我们学校去年有1000名学生。

(状态)

②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作

eg:

Marygotuptoolate,anddidn’thaveenoughtimeforbreakfast.

玛丽起得太迟了,都没有足够的时间吃早饭。

③有些表示主语心理状态的词,用一般过去时时,要注意其含义(了解)

eg:

Ididn’tknowyouwereinParis.我本不知道你在巴黎。

(因为我在说话时,已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示.实际上这句话暗指:

ButnowIknowyouareinParis.)

eg:

Ithoughtyouwereill.我还以为你病了呢。

(但现在我知道你没病)

(4)时间状语:

yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,ago,justnow,theotherday(前几天),onceuponatime(从前),intheolddays(在过去的日子里),in1980,whenIwasseven…,

Lastnight/week/year…/Sunday/Monday…,……

练习:

1.Jack_________(begin)towriteabookabouthisjourneylastweek.

2.OnApril18th2004,ourcountry________twoman-madesatellites(人造卫星)intospace.

A.wassentup(发射)B.sentupC.hassentupD.sendsup

3.It________thattheyhadnochangeatthemoment.

A.seemedB.wasseemedC.seemD.isseemed

3.现在进行时:

(1)构成:

am/is/are+动词的现在分词(doing形式)

(2)形式:

肯定句:

主语+am/is/are+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

Iam/I’mworkingnow.Youare/You’reworkingnow.

He/Sheisworkingnow.Itisrainingnow.

We/You/Theyareworkingnow.(缩写形式略,以下同)

否定句:

主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I’mnotworkingnow.You’renotworkingnow.

He/Sheisnotworkingnow.Itisnotrainingnow.

We/You/Theyarenotworkingnow.

疑问句:

Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

AmIworkingnow?

Areyouworkingnow?

Ishe/sheworkingnow?

Isitrainingnow?

Arewe/you/theyworkingnow?

(3)用法:

①表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作

eg:

Whoistheteacherwaitingfor?

老师在等谁?

Theteacheriswaitingforherhusband.老师在等她丈夫。

②表示在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不一定说话时动作正在进行

eg:

We’regettingreadyfortheexamthesedays.这些天我们在为考试做准备。

eg:

IamreadingEnglishathomefromfivetosixeverymorning.

我每天早晨5点到6点在家里读英语。

③有些表示位置移动的动词的现在进行时,表示将来即将发生的动作。

如:

go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin,move,stay,die等

eg:

Heiscoming.他就要来了。

WearegoingtoQingdaonextweek.下星期我们要去青岛。

④“am/is/are+always++现在分词”结构,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,带有强烈的感情色彩,或赞扬、喜爱,或讨厌、厌烦。

(初三学)

eg:

You’realwaysgettingreadyforhelpingothers.你总是时刻准备着帮助别人。

(赞扬)

Sheisalwayseatinginclass.他总是在班上吃东西。

(厌烦)

(4)时间状语:

now,atthemoment,atthistime,Look!

Listen!

多数情况要根据上下文确定

eg:

─Whereismyfather?

─Heiscleaningthecar.

练习:

1.Look!

Themen__________(dance)withtheirwives.

2.─Ican’tfindmypen.CanIuseyours?

─Sorry,I_______itnow.

A.amusingB.wasusingC.haveusedD.using

3.NexttermMr.Li____________(leave)forShanghai.

4.过去进行时:

(1)构成:

was/were+动词的现在分词(doing形式)

(2)形式:

肯定句:

主语+was/were+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/He/Shewaswritingaletterathomeatsevenyesterdayevening.

You/We/You/TheywerehavinganEnglishclassatthistimeofyesterday.

Itwasrainingatthistimeofyesterday.

否定句:

主语+was/were+not+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

I/He/Shewasnotwritingaletterathomeatsevenyesterdayevening.

You/We/You/TheywerenothavinganEnglishclassatthistimeofyesterday.

Itwasnotrainingatthistimeofyesterday.

疑问句:

Was/Were+主语+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:

WasI/he/shewritingaletterathomeatsevenyesterdayevening?

Wereyou/we/you/theyhavinganEnglishclassatthistimeofyesterday?

Wasitrainingatthistimeofyesterday?

(3)用法:

①表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。

eg:

Theywereplayingbasketballatfouro’clockyesterdayafternoon.

昨天下午四点他们在打篮球。

(某个时刻)

Wewereworkingfromseventoelevenlastnight.

我们昨天晚上从七点工作到十一点。

(一段时间)

Itwasr

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