河北省秦皇岛市山海关区高考英语 信息匹配类和阅读理解练习11.docx

河北省秦皇岛市山海关区高考英语 信息匹配类和阅读理解练习11.docx

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河北省秦皇岛市山海关区高考英语信息匹配类和阅读理解练习11

河北省秦皇岛市山海关区2016高考英语信息匹配类和阅读理解练习（11）

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

Whatmakesapersonascientist？

Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers？

Theansweris“NO”．Itisnotwhatthetoolsthatascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.Youwillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtousethepowerisimportanttoacarpenter（木匠）．Youwillprobablyagree，too，thatknowinghowtoinvestigate（调查），howtodiscoverinformation，isimportanttoeveryone.Thescientist，however，goesonestepfurther，hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswercanbeconfirmed（确认）byotherpersons.Healsoworkstofittheanswershegetstomanyquestionsintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.

Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact.Thereisnoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.Hemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionspermit.Whatworksunderonesetofconditionssometimesmustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.Iftheconditionsaredifferent，anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstration（演示）mustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.Thisisonereasonthatinvestigationsareimportantinscience.AlbertEinstein，whodevelopedthetheoryofrelativity，arrivedatthistheorythroughmathematics.Theaccuracyofhismathematicswaslatertestedthroughinvestigations.Einstein’sideaswereshowntobecorrect.Ascientistusesmanytoolsformeasurements.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.

1．Whatmakesascientistaccordingtothepassage?

A．Thetoolsheuses.B．Hiswaysoflearning.

C．Thewaysheuseshistools.D．Thedifferenttools.

解析：

　细节理解题。

由第一段“Itisnotwhatthetoolsthatascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolsthatmakeshimascientist.”可知。

答案：

　C

2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Thescientist’sknowledgeisalwaysrightunderallconditions.

B．Whentheconditionchanges，theresultoftheobservationmayalsochange.

C．Conditionmakesnodifferencetoscientists.

D．There’snopointforordinarypeopleknowinghowtoinvestigate.

解析：

　细节理解题。

由第二段“Iftheconditionsaredifferent，anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstration（演示）mustbeexplainedbythechangesintheconditions.”可知。

答案：

　B

3．“Thescientist，however，goesonestepfurther，...”theauthorsaysthistoshow________.

A．theimportanceofinformation

B．theimportanceofthinking

C．thedifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeople

D．thedifferencebetweencarpentersandpeoplewithotherjobs

解析：

　句意理解题。

上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。

故此处的thescientist，however，goesonestepfurther，...用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。

答案：

　C

4．Ascientifictheoryshouldbeonethat________.

A．notonlyworksunderonesetofconditionssometimes，butalsoworksunderthesameconditionsatothertimes

B．leavesnoroomforimprovement

C．doesnotallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditions

D．canbeusedformanypurposes

解析：

　细节理解题。

由“Whatworksunderonesetofconditionssometimesmustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertimes.”可知答案。

答案：

　A

5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Scientistsaredifferentfromordinarypeople.

B．Thetheoryofrelativity.

C．Exactnessisthecenterofscience.

D．Exactnessandwayofusingtoolsarethekeystothemakingofascientist.

解析：

　主旨大意题。

本文第一句“Whatmakesapersonascientist？

”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“howascientistusesthesetoolsmakeshimascientist”，第二段论述“Thescientist’sknowledgemustbeexact”，故D正确。

其余各项只是文章中的细节。

答案：

　D。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

TheChildEgoState

TheChildegostateisasetofbehaviors,thoughtsandfeelingswhicharereplayedfromourownchildhood.

Perhapsthebosscallsusintohisorheroffice,wemayimmediatelygetachurninginourstomachandwonderwhatwehavedonewrong.Ifthiswereexploredwemightrememberthetimetheheadteachercalledusintotellusoff.Ofcourse,noteverythingintheChildegostateisnegative.Wemightgointosomeone’shouseandsmellalovelysmellandrememberourgrandmother’shousewhenwewerelittle,andallthesamewarmfeelingswehadatsixyearsofagemaycomefloodingback.

TheChildegostatesareconstantlybeingupdated.Forexample,wemaymeetsomeonewhogivesusthepermissionweneededasachild,anddidnotget,tobefunandjoyous.Wemaywellusethatpersoninourimaginationwhenwearestressedtoresistouroldwaysofthinkingthatwemustworklongerandlongerhourstokeepupwitheverything.Wemightaskourselves“IwonderwhatXwouldsaynow.”Thenonhearingthenewpermissionstorelaxandtakesometimeout,dojustthatandthenreturntotheworkrenewedandreadyforthechallenge.Afterwards,ratherthanblamingourselvesforwhatwedidordidnotdo,whattendstohappenisthatweautomaticallystarttogiveourselvesnewpermissionsandtakecareofourselves.

Alternatively,wemighthavehadanextremelyunpleasantexperienceyesterdaywhichgoesintotheChildegostateasanantiquememorythatstandsinthewayofourgrowth.PositiveexperienceswillalsogointotheChildegostateasantiquememories.Thepositiveexperiencescanthenbedrawnontoremindusthatpositivethingsdohappen.

Theprocessofanalyzingpersonalityintermsofegostatesiscalledstructuralanalysis.Itisimportanttorememberthategostatesdonothaveanexistenceoftheirown.Theyareconceptstoenableunderstanding.Thereforeitisimportanttosay“Iwantsomefun”ratherthan“MyChildwantssomefun.”WemaybeinourChildegostatewhenwesaythis,butsaying“I”remindsustotakeresponsibilityforouractions.

1.ThewriterusestwoexamplesinParagraph2inorderto_____.

A.supporttheideainParagraph1B.explainwhywebecomenervous

C.provetheChildegostateisnegativeD.introducethepointofParagraph3

2.Byasking“IwonderwhatXwouldsaynow”,weintendto__________.

A.blameourselvesB.acceptchallenges

C.keepupwitheverythingD.avoidstress

3.Accordingtothepassage,theChildegostate__________.

A.showsone’swisdomB.influencesone’sactions

C.limitsone’sthoughtsD.existsinone’schildhood

4.Theunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphrefersto__________.

A.structuralanalysisB.“MyChildwantssomefun”

C.theChildegostateD.“Iwantsomefun”

【参考答案1--4】ADBD

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Maybeyouneveropenedthataccount,butsomeoneelsedid——someonewhousedyournameandpersonalinformationtocommitfraud（造假）.Whenanimposterusesyourname,yourcreditcardnumber,orsomeotherpieceofyourpersonalinformationfortheirownpurpose–inshort,whensomeonetakesyourpersonalinformationwithoutyourknowledge–it’sacrime,pureandsimple.

Thebiggestproblemisthatyoumaynotknowyouridentity（身份）hasbeenstolenuntilyounoticethatsomething’swrong:

youm

aygetbillsforacreditcardaccountyouneveropened,yourcreditreportmayincludedebtsyouneverknewyouhad,abillingcyclemaypasswithoutyourreceivingastatement,oryoumayseechargesonyourbillsthatyoudidn’tsignfor,andevendon’tknowanythingabout.

Ifsomeonehasstolenyouridentity,theFederalTradeCommission（FTC）suggeststhatyoutakethreeactionsimmediately.

First,contactthefrauddepartmentsofeachofthethreemajorcreditoffices.Tellthemtoflagyourfilewithafraud

alert（警告）includingastatementthatcreditorsshouldgetyourpermissionbeforeopeninganynewaccountsinyourname.

Then,askthecreditofficesforcopiesofyourcreditreports.Creditofficesmustgiveyouafreecopyofyourreportifitisnotcorrectbecauseoffraud.Reviewyourreportscarefullytomakesurenoadditionalfraudulentaccountshavebeenopenedinyournameorunauthorized（侵权的）changesmadetoyourpresentaccounts.Inafewmonths,ordernewcopiesofyourreportstocheckyourcorrectionsandchanges,andtomakesurenonewfraudulentactivityhasoccurred.

1.What’sthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.Whatyoushoulddoifyourcreditcardisstolen.

B.Whatyoushoulddoifyouridentityisstolen.

C.Whatanimposteralw

aysdoestomakemoney.

D.WhattheFederalTradeCommissionisabout.

答案解析：

答案为B。

本题考查文章的主旨大意。

本文的前半部分引出身份信息被盗的问题，后面的重点是告诉读者身份信息被盗后该如何做。

故答案为B。

2.Whatshouldyoudofirstwhenyoufindyouridentityisstolen?

A.Informcreditorsnottoopenanynewaccountsinyournamewithoutyourpermission.

B.Askforcopie

sofyourcreditreportsandmakesurenootherfraudshavebeenmade.

C.Keeporderingnewcopiestocheckwhatyouhavealreadychangedandcorrected.

D.AlwayslockyourIDcardinyourcupboardincaseitshouldbestolen.

答案解析：

答案为A。

本题为推理题。

由倒数第二段可知，当发现个人身份信息被盗后，首先要联系防伪部门，让他们关注你的资料，警告债权人在用你的名字开任何新的账户前应该得到你的允许。

故答案为A。

3.Whatisthemostdifficultthingforpeopletodealwithidentityfrauds?

A.Nomeasurescanworkonthebillingcycle.

B.Thereisnost

rictlawforthiskindofbehaviors.

C.Itmightbealongtimebeforeyourealizethat.

D.TheFTCdoesnothingexceptforthreesuggestions.

答案解析：

答案为C。

本题为细节推理题。

由文章第二段首句“Thebiggestproblemisthatyoumaynotknowyouridentityhasbeenstolenuntilyounoticethatsomething’swrong…”可知，直到你注意出了问题后才知道身份信息被盗是最大的问题。

故答案为C。

4.Whichistheleastpossibleifafraudhashappenedtoyou?

A.Youmayhavedebtsinyourcreditcard.

B.Youmayfindchargesonyourbillsunauthorized.

C.Anewcreditcardmaybeopenedinyourname.

D.Thefrauddepartmentscanfindouttheimposterrightaway.

答案解析：

答案为D。

本题为推理题。

由第二段冒号后面的内容可知，身份信息被盗后，你的信用卡会负债，你会收到XX的收费账单，还会出现以你的名字新开的信用卡。

文中未提及防伪部门可以马上找到骗子，后文的措施也是在暗示找到骗子并不容易。

故答案为D。

任务型阅读（A）

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