图表作文整理.docx
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图表作文整理
图表作文
图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。
图表的类型主要有:
圆形(饼型)图(piechart)、柱形图(直型图)(graph)、曲线图(chart)和数据统计表(表格)(table)。
图表作文的写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。
图表作文是根据图表提供的数字或文字等信息进行归纳总结,分析规律,把握主题,反映某种现象的作文。
评述中可以先述后评或夹述夹评。
可以采用说明文和议论文相结合的文体形式。
写作图表作文时应该注意的几个方面:
1. 要对图表作简要的主题介绍。
2. 切忌不加详细分析、罗列数字。
要进行横向、纵向的比较,寻找规律性的信息,通过计算找出部分与整体、部分与部分之间的关系,如增减的绝对数字、百分比、分数或倍数等。
3. 分析原因,寻找规律,把握主题。
4. 根据分析所得信息得出结论。
写图表作文,并不是单纯地用语言文字把图表里的所有数字信息一一摊摆,逐条列出,而是利用这些数据,经常还得筛选,将该图表所要说明的主要问题阐述清楚。
就这个意义上说,图表作文属于说明文。
如果图表信息是用来论证某一观点,则图表作文属于议论文。
因此,图表作文在结构处理和写法上与说明文或议论文是相同的。
它通常必须:
1. 用一个主题句或引言段,综述全图表的中心信息(也就是考生在审阅图表后形成的结论)。
2. 列举三组左右的相关数据来说明或证实主题句或引言段所提及的要点。
分析产生这一图表结论的原因或联想推测可能引起的后果。
模板一
①总的趋势 ②图表具体描述 ③剖析图表所揭示的含义 ④理由一⑤理由二⑥理由三⑦理由四⑧总结⑨前景预测
第一段:
Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehaswitnesseddramaticchangesin①______.While②_______.Itisobviousfromthetablethat③_________.
第二段:
Whatcontributedtothesechanges?
Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,④______.Secondly,⑤______.What’smore,⑥_______.Lastbutnotleast,⑦________.
第三段:
Inconclusion,⑧_________.Moreover,⑨________.
范文:
HowPeopleSpentTheirHolidays
Year199019952000
Traveling37%51%76%
Stayingathome63%49%24%
1.上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况,请描述其变化:
2.请说明发生这些变化的原因。
3.得出结论。
HowPeopleSpentTheirHolidays
Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehavewitnesseddramaticchangesinthewaypeoplespenttheirholidaybetween1990and2000.In1990,63%ofpeoplespenttheirholidaysathome,whilethefiguredroppedconsiderablyto24%in2000.Itisobviousfromthetablethatpeopletendedtobemoreandmoremobile,andtheywantedtogetentertainmentintheoutsideworld.
Whatcontributedtothesechanges?
Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,peopleearnbyfarmoremoneythantheyusedto.Thus,peopleareabletoaffordtravelingexpenses.Secondly,peoplethinkitimportanttogetwell-informedabouttheoutsideworldinthisnewerawheneverythingisonthemove.Traveling,ofcourse,isasurewaytoachievethisgoal.What'smore,inthiscompetitivesociety,peopleareusuallyundergreatstress.However,itisnotdifficulttofindtravelinganeffectivewaytorelievepeople'sstressandgetrelaxation.Lastbutnotleast,bytravelingoutside,peopleareclosetonature,whichisnotonlybeneficialtotheirhealthbutalsopeaceofmind.
Inconclusion,peopleprefertogotravelingratherthanstayathomeduringholidaysforvariousreasons.Moreover,itseemsthatthistrendwilllastintheforeseeablefuture.
模板二
①描述图表②分三方面解释原因③下结论
1)Duringtheperiodfrom_______to_______,________rosefrom________to_______,while_______decreasedfrom_______to_______.
2)Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,____.Second,____.Third,_____.
3)___.Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethat___.
范文:
HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries
1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况
2.说明引起变化的各种原因
HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries
Duringtheperiodfrom1960to1990,thelifeexpectancyofdevelopingcountriesrosefrom40yearstonearly60years,whileinfantmortalitydecreasedfrom200deathsper1000birthstoaround100.
Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,economydevelopsquicklyindevelopingcountriesduringthisperiod,andlivingqualityimprovessignificantlyasaresult.Second,people'shealthconditionsalsobecomebetterandbetterwiththedevelopmentofnationalhealthcaresystems.Whentheybecomericher,theycaremoreaboutpersonalhealthconditions.Third,medicalsciencesalsodevelopatafantasticspeed,anditismuchsaferformotherstogivebirth.
Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethatpeoplewilllivelongerandtheinfantmortalitywillagainfall.
模板三①描述图表②解释图表③补充解释
1)Duringtheperiodbetween_______and________,________declinedabruptlyfrom_______to____,while____increasedsharplyfrom________to_______.
2)Severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Comparedwith_________ismuchcheaperandmoreconvenient__________.Apartfromthat,_________.
3)However,therearestillanumberofpeoplewho_________,generallyfortworeasons.Ontheonehand,________.Ontheotherhand,________.
范文:
FilmIsGivingWaytoTV
1.电影观众越来越少
2.电视观众越来越多,因为……
3.然而,还是有人喜欢看电影,因为…FilmIsGivingWaytoTV
Duringtheperiodbetween1975and1985,film-goersdeclinedabruptlyfrom85,000toabout12,000,whileTV-watchersincreasedsharplyfrom5,000tomorethan100,000.
Severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Comparedwithafilm,TVismuchcheaperandmoreconvenient--youdon'thavetoleaveyourhouseatall.Apartfromthat,youhavemanychoiceswhilewatchingTV,butafilmconcentratesonacertaintopic.
However,therearestillanumberofpeoplewhoenjoygoingtothecinema,generallyfortworeasons.Ontheonehand,theaudio-visualeffectofacinemaismuchbetter.Ontheotherhand,inaquietandcomfortableplacesuchasacinema,youcanconcentrateonwhatyouarewatchingandgetthemostofthefilm.
图表式作文写作技巧详解
一.写作要旨
1.弄清题意,看作文属于下面哪一种:
A.单纯描述解释图表曲线,按图表所示内容如实表达,不加评论。
B.通过叙述图表(或图画)中的内容和数字变化来分析原因,发表议论。
二.遵照程序
1.审题和分析图表曲线;描述图表,得出结论;
2.紧扣主题句,将图表,数字变为信息;分析原因,发表议论;
3.提出建议或得出结论
三.掌握技巧
1.对表格,图形,数据。
分类,横线,纵线及百分比等代表什么,要先弄清楚;
2.适当运用描述图表的规范用语。
3.学会看趋势,找规律;从整体看图表有何发展变化,找出特点,规律;
4.注意用数字获取信息,将代表发展趋势的数字变为文字,并加以叙述;
5.抓典型,讲原因,不需描述所有的信息;
6.必须基于图表所给事实,按情理得出结论,做到自圆其说,具有说服力。
图表作文的常用词
上升:
increaseriseascendcoresurgegoupclimbmountlevelup
下降:
decreasefalldropdescenddeclinereducelessenleveldown
平稳:
stablesteadyremain/maintain/keep/bethesameas/similarto
最高点:
thehighestthetopthesummitthepeakthemost
最低点:
bottomlessleastrockbottom
平均:
meanaverage
趋势:
tendencytrendinclination
预见:
prediction
达到顶峰:
mountto
在***中占***:
***gainthepercentageof
有一个稳定的过程:
astableperiodcanbeseen
一些表达:
A.柱形图increaserisegoup/dropdecreasedecline
B.饼图***isdivided/sintoseveralparts***consumethelargestportion***accountingfor***
***(百分比)of***is******playaveryimportantrolein***
C.线形图FromthispointDrop/increasedramaticallyamodest/rapidincrease
注意事项
1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”:
上升,下降,或是波动,题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较,如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较,
2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述
图表作文的关键是要记住一些常用的词,因为图表无怪乎曲线图和柱状图别的图表大都可以以此类推。
这些词整理一下包括:
increase, decrease,rise drop grow fall shoot up(非常得快) decline
reach a peak reach a number
fluctuate(wildly/mildly) _______ level off, to stabilize,to maintain a trend
形容快慢的:
rapid(ly) *dramatical(ly) *slight *quick(ly)
*sharp(ly) *gradual(ly)
波动:
fluctuatefluctuationriseandfallsupanddown
占:
occupytakeupaccountforgain
而:
whilehoweverwhereasontheotherhandactually/infact
相比:
bycontractonthecontrarylikewisecomparedwith
写作模板——图表式作文
Itisobviousinthegraphic/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof…(多少).
Whatisthereasonforthischange?
Mainlythereare…(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,…(第一个原因).Moreimportantly,…(第二个原因).Mostimportantofall,…(第三个原因).
Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraphic/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
图表图画类作文常用表达法
描述图表内容:
1.Accordingtothefiguresshowninthetable/grapwecansee/concludethat…
2.Thegraphshows/tellsus/revealsthat…
3.Asisshown/canbeseeninthechart…
4.Thetableis/givesinformationabout…
5.Thetablesrepresentthedevelopmentandchangesin..Inthepast10years.
6.Afterconsideringtheinformationinthegraphwemightconcludethat…
描述增减变化
1.Comparedwiththenumberof1999…Itstillincreasedby3896,withanincreasingproportionof2%.
2.Thenumberof…grew/rosefrom…to…
3.Theamountof…willrise/showatendencytoincrease.
4.Thepopulationwillamountto1200millionin2000.
5.Noincreaseisshownin1965;thencameasharpincreaseofeightmillion.
6.Aismore/lessexpensivethanB.
7.A’sproductionwasmore/lessthanthatofB.
8.In1990thenumberremainedthesame/droppedto
描述时间:
1.Overtheperiodfrom1987to1994
2.Duringthepasthalfcentury
3.Inthethreeyearsspanningfrom1985through1987
4.Between1987and1997
图表图画类作文第一段写作公式:
Itcanbeseenthat…
Fromthegraph(chart,curve,picture)…
Thegraphshowsthat…
Thestatisticsinthegraphindicates…
Youcanfindthetendencyinthechartthat…
图表图画类作文第二段写作公式:
Whatarethereasonsforit?
Thereareafewreasonsorways.
Thesolutionsinclude…
First(ofall)alsosecond,inaddition,furthermore
…
图表图画类作文第三段写作公式:
Then/Howevertome/forme/tomypointofview,
asfarasIamconcerned,
foronething,fortheother/foranother(thing)
温室花朵经不起风雨
Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:
1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and
2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife
Thesetwopicturesarebothinterestingandinstructive.Fromthepictures,wecanseethataflower,shieldedfromthethunderstorm,growsprettywellinthegreenhouse.Butwhenmovedout,theflowercannotwithstandthewindandrain,andstartstowither.Severalofitspetalsarealreadyonthewetground.Evidently,flowersgrowingupinthegreenhousecannotsurviveaseverestorm.
Theimplicationofthesepicturesforourlifeare