小学介词的用法.docx
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第三课时语法知识词法
(2)
四、介词
1、一种虚词。
不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。
有:
in,on,at,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,from…to…,of
1、in
① 在……里面。
如:
in the classroom
② in+颜色,穿着……颜色的衣服。
如:
Who‟s the man in white?
③ in+语言,用某种语言说。
如:
What‟s this in English?
④ 在上午、下午、晚上。
如:
in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening
⑤ 在年、月、季节前。
如:
in 2008,in August,in summer
⑥ 在国家、城市和较大的地方前。
如:
in China,in Wuxi,
2、on
①在……上面。
如:
on the desk
②用在某一天(上、下午)前。
如:
on the 5th of May,on Sunday,on Monday morning
③以Day结尾的节日前。
如:
on Children‟s Day,on New Year‟s Day
④固定搭配。
如:
on foot(步行),on duty(值日),put on(穿上),get on(上车) turn on(打开),on the right / left(在右边/左边),on the wall (在墙上),on Zhongshan Road(在中山路上)
注 意:
树上长的水果用on the tree;不是树上长的外来物用in the tree。
如:
I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.
3、at
①在某个时刻前。
如:
at seven o‟clock
②在传统节日前。
如:
at Spring Festival,at Mid-Autumn Festival,at Christmas
③在较小的地点。
如:
at the bus stop
④固定搭配。
如:
at once(立刻,马上),be good at(擅长……),look at(看),at home(在家),at school(在学校), at weekends(在周末), at night(在夜晚)
4、under 在……下面 如:
There is a cat under the table.
5、behind 在……后面 如:
There is an umbrella behind the door.
6、near 靠近…… 如:
There is a park near my house.
7、beside 在……旁边 如:
The students are standing beside the teacher.
8、next to 紧靠……旁边 如:
The teachers‟ office is next to our classroom.
9、before (时间上)在……之前 如:
before class(上课前)
10、after (时间上)在……之后;依照 固定搭配:
after class(课后),after school(放学后),look after(照看),run after(追赶),read after me(跟我读)
11、between 在两者之间
There are some trees between Building A and Building B.
12、by 乘某种交通工具 如:
by bus,by plane,by the way(顺便说一下)
13、from
①be from = come from(来自……) 如:
Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.
②from…to…(从……到……)We go to school from Monday to Friday.
14、to 到、去…… 如:
Let‟s go to the zoo.
固定搭配:
write to(给xx写信)behappytodo(高兴做某事)
15、about 关于;大约
如:
I want to buy a book about animals. It‟s about one kilometer away.
16、for 为、给…… 如:
Here‟s a letter for you. What‟s for breakfast?
固定搭配:
look for (寻找),wait for(等候)
17、with
①与……一起。
如:
I‟ll go shopping with my mother.
②具有某种特征。
如:
Who’s the boy with big eyes?
③help... with... 在某方面帮助某人 如:
Can you help me with my English?
④play with... 和……一起玩;拿……玩 如:
play with me,play with a yo-yo
18、in front of 在……前面如:
There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of 在……前部 如:
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
19.of “„„的” the first day of a week 一个星期的第一天
a photo of Jim’s family 一张吉姆家人的照片
of 量词的运用 a cup of , a glass of 一杯
练一练:
一.将下列短语翻译成英语。
1.在早晨________________________ 2.在家_______________________
3.上周_______________________ 4.每年__________________________
5.下个周末___________________ 6.晚饭后_____________________
7.八点以前______________________ 8.在冰箱的前面_______________
9.步行_______________________ 10.乘公共汽车___________________
11.擅长游泳________________12.在一个星期五的早晨_____________
二.选用括号内恰当的介词填空。
1) What’s this___________(at, on, in ) English?
2) Christmas is____________(at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
3) The man_______________(with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
4) He doesn’t do well_________________(at, on, in ) PE.
5) Look at those birds____________________(on, in ) the tree.
6) We are going to meet_________________( at, on, in ) the bus stop
7) Is there a cat_________________(under, behind, in ) the door?
8)We live_______________(at, on, in ) a new house now.
9) Does it often rain_______________ (at, on, in ) spring there?
10)There are some pictures (at,on,in)the wall and some windows (at,on,in) the wall, too.
11)They have a party (at,on,in)Children’s Day.
三.圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。
1) Jim is good in English and Maths. ___________
2) They are talking to their plans. ____________
3) How many students have their birthdays on May?
____
4) Women’s Day is at the third of March.. _________
5) I can jog to school on the morning. ___________
6) Can you come and help me on my English?
________
7) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.________
8) What do you do on the Spring Festival?
_________
Homework
一.用适当的介词填空
1. The man___________ blue is Jack’s father.
2. Who’ the girl_________ small mouth?
3. When’sMid-AutumnFestival?
It’s_______SeptemberorOctober.
4. Look, Nancy is sitting____________ her father and mother.
5. My little brother always has a lot________ questions.
6. We’re very happy____________ school.
7. Jim is in Row 4. I sit_____________ him.
8. Our classroom is___________ the teachers’ office.
9. Look___________ the picture. Who is the girl_________ the man and the woman.10. Can you read the number_____________ one__________ ten?
11. What can you see___________ the tree?
Some peaches.
12. Mr. Wa