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voa听力文本小整理
UNUrgesIncreasedProtectionforHaitianRefugees
AnewreportbyRefugeesInternational,aWashington-basedrefugeeadvocacygroup,issharplycriticalofconditionsintherefugeecampsinHaiti.Nearly10monthsaftertheearthquakedevastatedthecountry,thereportsaysthepeopleofHaitiarestilllivinginastateofemergency,withahumanitarianresponsethatappearsparalyzed.
RefugeesInternationalsayssexual,domesticandgangviolenceinandaroundtherefugeecampsisrising.ThereportaddsthereisanurgentneedforexperiencedU.N.personnelandresourcesforhumanitarianprotection,andsaysthatactionisurgentlyneededtoprotectthebasichumanrightsofpeopledisplacedbytheearthquake.
Questionedaboutthereport,U.N.spokespersonMartinNesirkysaidithighlightssomeveryimportantmattersincludingtheprotection,especially,ofwomen
AwomanstandsnexttomakeshifttentsatacampsetupforearthquakesurvivorslefthomelessinPort-au-Prince,onemonthafteramagnitude7earthquakestruckHaiti,Feb2010
"Thathasbeenamajorconcernforeverybodyrightfromthestart,"saidNesirky."Andweobviouslysharethoseconcernsandwealsowanttoseeincreasedprotectioncapacitywhenitcomestotacklingsexualviolence,which,asyouknow,isprimarilyagainstwomenandgirls.Measureshavealreadybeentaken,asyouknow,toimproveprotection-andthatincludespatrollingcampsandhavinga24-hourpresenceofU.N.troopsandpoliceofficersinsomecampswheretheproblemsareparticularlyserious."
TheU.N.spokespersonsaid559U.N.policeofficersarepermanentlypresentinsixoftheHaitianrefugeecampsandthat614U.N.militarypersonnelarestationedinsixofthelargestcamps.
"ItisworthnotingthatsexualviolencehasbeenaseriousprobleminHaitilongbeforetheearthquake,anditalsocontinuestobeaseriousproblemoutsideofthecamps,aswell.AsIsay,thisisnocomfortforthepeopleinthosecampsandweneedtoworkveryhardonthat,"saidNesirky.
RefugeesInternationalalsoacknowledgesgender-basedviolencehasalwaysbeenaprobleminHaiti,butnotestherehasbeenasignificantincreaseinsexualviolencereportssincetheJanuaryearthquakeandtherehavebeenreportsofincreasingdomesticviolenceinthestressfullivingconditionsintherefugeecamps.
JoeDeCapua
11October2010
SwazilandhasoneofthehighestHIVprevalenceratesintheworld-26percentforthosebetweentheagesof15and29.Buttodealwiththeepidemic,healthofficialsmustdomorethanincreasetreatment,careandpreventionefforts.Theymustalsoaddressanotherdiseasethat'stargetingHIV-positivepeoplemoreandmoreoften–tuberculosis.
MuchprogresshasbeenmadeinextendingthelivesofpeoplelivingwithHIV,theAIDSvirus.Anti-retroviraldrugs–orARVs–canliterallypullpeoplebackfromdeath'sdoor.
It'sestimatedthataboutfivemillionpeopleworldwidearecurrentlyreceivingthedrugs.However,it'sbelievedasmanyas10millionpeopleactuallyneedthem.WithoutARVs,HIVcanweakenordestroytheimmunesystem,leavingthebodydefenselessagainstmanyopportunisticinfections.
Oneofthemistuberculosis,whichcanoftenkillmuchmorequicklythanHIV.SohealthofficialsnowlookatHIVandTBincombinationindealingwiththeAIDSpandemic.
HIV/TB
Dr.MaryKathrynLinde,whorecentlyvisitedSwaziland,says,"BecauseoftheprominenceofAIDSinthatcountry,theresistancetoorganismslikeTBismuchloweredinthegeneralpopulation.Andsoitistransmittedmoreeasily.Andthenonceanindividualhasittheydon'thavetheimmuneresistancetobeabletocombatit.Andsoit'stakenaterribletoll."
ASCP
Dr.MaryKathrynLindeinSwaziland
TohelpSwazilanddealwiththegrowingTBthreat,hundredsofthousandsofdollarsarebeingspenttorenovateaTBtestingfacilityinMbabane.It'sajointeffortbytheAmericanSocietyforClinicalPathology(ASCP),theU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandDoctorsWithoutborders.
Dr.Linde,whorepresentsthepathologygroup,saysahighqualitylabplaysavitalroleincontrollingthespreadofTB.
"It'ssoimportanttohavethecorrectdiagnosisandaveryrapid,timelydiagnosissothatthepatientcanbetreated.Thepatient[s]can'tbetreateduntiltheyarediagnosed,"shesays.
AlabthatmeetsstandardssetbytheCentersforDiseaseControlalsomakesitmucheasierforpatients.
Lindesays,"Anotherproblemisthatthepeoplehavetotraveltogettothelaboratory.Andtheydon'thavethemoneytoactuallydothat.Andtheniftheyhavetocomebacktheymaynotbeabletoaffordtocomebackormaynotbephysicallyabletocomeback.Theyneedtobediagnosedasrapidlyaspossibleandbetreatedasrapidlyaspossible."
DanRobinson|WhiteHouse
11October2010
Photo:
AP
PresidentBarackObamapushesforhis$50-billioninfrastructure-investmentproposalasawaytocreatemorejobs,withSecretaryofTreasuryTimothyGeithner,left,andSecretaryofTransportationRayLaHood,right,attheWhiteHouseinWashington,11Oct2010
SayingtheUnitedStateslagsbehindChinaandothernationsindealingwithacrumblinginfrastructure,PresidentBarackObamahasrenewedacallforactiontorepairroads,bridgesandairports.
AnewreportbytheTreasuryDepartmentandWhiteHouseCouncilofEconomicAdviserssaystheUnitedStatesnowspendstwopercentofitsGrossDomesticProductoninfrastructure,withoverallspendingfallingby50percentsince1960.
Incontrast,itnotesChinaspendsaboutninepercentoninfrastructure,andEuropeaboutfivepercent.Itisclear,thereportstates,thatpersistentneglectwillaffectAmerica'scompetitivepositionwiththerestoftheworld.
PresidentObamametforaboutanhourwithkeystategovernors,citymayorsandCabinetofficials.IntheWhiteHouseRoseGarden,hespokeabouttheconsequencesof"woefullyinefficientandoutdated"infrastructureforcurrentandfutureeconomicgrowth.
"Thebottomlineisourshort-sightednesshascomedue.Wecannolongeraffordtositstill.Whatweneedisasmartsystemofinfrastructureequaltotheneedsofthe21stcentury,asystemthatencouragessustainablecommunitieswitheasieraccesstoourjobs,toourschools,toourhomes."
InSeptember,thepresidentaskedCongressforaninitial$50billiontobeginasix-yearplanofinfrastructureupgrades,spendingheinsistswillbeoffsetbyendingacollectionofoilandgasindustrytaxbreaks.
ButlegislativeactionwillhavetowaituntilCongressreturnsaftertheNovember2midtermelections,atwhichpointoneorbothchamberscouldbecontrolledbyRepublicans,whohavesharplycriticizedObama'sstimulusspending.
Saying"thereisnoreasonwhytheworld'sbestinfrastructureshouldliebeyondU.S.borders,"Mr.Obamacitedexamplesofothercountries,includingChina,thathesaidarerecognizingtheimportanceofinvestingtodayfortomorrow.
"RightnowChinaisbuildinghundredsofthousandsofmilesofnewroads.Overthenext10yearsitplanstobuilddozensofnewairports.Overthenext20itcouldbuildasmanyas170newmasstransitsystems.Everywhereelsetheyarethinkingbig,theyarecreatingjobstoday,buttheyarealsoplanningtowintomorrow,"saidPresidentObama.
TransportationSecretaryRayLaHood,aRepublican,voicedoptimismaboutprospectsforbipartisancooperationwhenCongressreturns.HealsolashedoutatcriticsofObamaeconomicstimulus.
"There[are]thousandsofpeopleworking,14,000projectstoday.Theideathatourstimulusdidnotworkisnonsense,"saidLaHood.
AseparaterecentstudycontainedrecommendationssimilartotheObamaadministrationreport,anditestimatedthefederalgovernment,plusstateandlocalgovernments,wouldhavetospendasmuchas$194billionsimplytorepairexistinginfrastructure.
PresidentObamasaidtheUnitedStateshaddeferreddecisionsonrepairingaginghighways,raillinesandotherinfrastructureforyears,hinderingeconomicgrowth.Healsoindirectlylinkedtheissuewiththeupcomingcongressionalelections,sayingAmericansfaceachoicebetweendeclineandprosperity,andbetweenthepastandthefuture.
BrianPadden|Hanoi
11October2010
Photo:
AP
DefenseSecretaryRobertGates,left,andChina'sMinisterofDefenseLiangGuanglieshakehandsbeforeameetinginHanoi,Vietnam,11Oct.2010
AttheASEANDefenseMinistersmeetinginHanoi,ChineseMinisterofDefenseLiangGuanglieinvitedhisU.S.counterpartDefenseSecretaryRobertGatestovisitChina,inwhatseemslikeaneasingofmilitarytensionsintheregion.
DiplomacyappearstobemakingsomeprogressinreducingtensionsattheASEANPlusEightdefenseministers'meeting.TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsinvitedtheUnitedStates,China,Japan,RussiaandotherregionalpowerstoaddresssecurityissuesinthePacific.
Chinaresumesmilitaryrelations
ByinvitingDefenseSecretaryRobertGatestovisitnextyear,Chinaisresuminghigh-levelmilitaryrelationswiththeUnitedStates.Earlierintheyear,ChinasuspendedmilitarycontactsbecauseofU.S.plannedarmssalestoTaiwan.
TheChineseDefenseMinisteralsosaidtalkswithJapan'sdefenseofficialswerepositive.TensionsbetweenthetwocountrieshaveincreasedafteraChinesefishingboatcollidedwithJapanesecoastguardpatrolshipsinwatersclaimedbybothsides.
U.S.supportforSoutheastAsia
Earlierintheday,speakingtomembersofthemilitaryandstudentsattheVietnamNationalUniversityinHanoi,SecretaryGatessentamessagetoreassureSoutheastAsia.
"IthinkallAsiacanbeconfidentthattheU.S.intendstoremainengagedinAsiaaswehavebeenforsom