love is a fallacy 详细讲解复习.docx
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loveisafallacy详细讲解复习
Introductiontothetext:
1.Thistextisapieceofnarrativewriting,astory.
2.Thenarratorofthestory,DobieGillis,afreshmaninalawschool,istheheroorprotagonist(主角,正派角色).Hestrugglesagainsttwoantagonists(反派角色):
PeteyBurch,hisroommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstosteal;andPollyEspy,thegirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablere-education.
3.Theclimax(高潮)ofthestoryisreachedinparagraphs147to150whenPollyrefusestogosteadywiththenarratorbecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch.
4.Thedenouement(结局)followsrapidlyandendsonaveryironictone.
AbouttheTitle---Thetitleofthestoryishumorousandwell-chosen.Ithastwomeanings:
1.When“fallacy”istakeninitsordinarysense,thetitlemeans:
Thereisadeceptive(虚伪的,欺诈的)ordelusive(欺瞒的,迷惑的)qualityaboutlove.
2.When“fallacy”istakenasaspecificterminlogic,thetitlemeans:
Lovecannotbededuced(推理)fromasetofgivenpremises.
PerhapsMaxShulmanwantsthereader,afterreadingthestory,toconcludethat“love”isanerror,adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic.Butthewriter,throughthisstoryhassucceededperhapsunwittingly(无意地)inrevealingwhatlovemaysometimesmeanintheaffluentsociety(物质社会).Girlsdonotwantbrilliant,giftedoreducatedhusbands,butwanthusbandswhoarerichandwealthyenoughtoprovideallthethingsnecessaryinlife—home,clothes,cars,etc..
Payattentiontohischangeofemotions:
1.favoringherwithasmile
2.chuckledwithamusement
3.chuckledwithsomewhatlessamusement
4.forcingasmile/groundmyteeth
5.croaked,dashedperspire
Detailedstudyofthetext
enterprising:
ad.havingorshowingenterprise有事业心的;有胆量的;富于创业精神的
It’sveryenterprisingofthemtotryandstartupabusinesslikethat.
as…as:
acorrelativeconstructionusedtoindicatetheequalityorsamenessoftwothings.
Heisasstrongasanox.
monthofSundays:
(colloquial口语体的)longtime
unfettered:
ad.(fml.orlit.)freefromcontrol;nottiedbyseveralrules
Thenewcitydevelopedquickly,unfetteredbytheusualplanningregulations.
limp:
ad.drooping;lackingfirmness无力的;易弯的
Ilikelettucetobecrisp,notlimpandsoggy.
我喜欢莴苣是脆的,不喜欢软而湿乎乎的。
flaccid:
ad.softandweak;flabby
spongy:
ad.likeasponge;softandporous
pedantic:
ad.payingtoomuchattentiontodetailsandunimportantrules迂腐的;学究的
pedant:
n.apersonwhopaysmoreattentiontoformalrulesandbooklearningthantheymerit
discipline:
abranchofknowledgeorlearning
trauma:
aterminpsychiatrymeaningapainfulemotionalexperienceorshock,oftenproducingalastingpsychiceffect.心灵创伤;精神创伤
Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.
Metaphor(暗喻)andhyperbole(夸张).Itisametaphorcomparinglogictoalivinghumanbeing.Itisahyperbolebecauseitexaggeratesforthesakeofeffect.
calculating:
ad.coldlyplanningandthinkingaboutfutureactionsandesp.whethertheywillbegoodorbadforoneself.
perspicacious:
ad.(fml.)havingorshowingverycleverjudgmentorunderstanding聪敏的;睿智的
aperspicaciouscomment有见地的评论
astute:
ad.cleverandabletoseequicklysomethingthatistoone’sadvantage;shrewd精明的;敏锐的;狡黠的
anastutebusinesswoman/investment
acute:
ad.
(1)(ofthesenses)abletonoticesmalldifferences;sharp感觉灵敏的;敏锐的
Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell./Hehasveryacutehearing.
(2)showinganabilitytounderstandthingsclearlyanddeeply;penetrating.深刻的
anacuteanalysisofthepoliticalsituation
(3)severe;verygreat严重的
acutepain/anacuteshortageofwater
dynamo:
anearlierformofgenerator,amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy
chemist’sscales:
Suchscalesaremorepreciseandaccuratefortheyhavetoweighsmallquantitiesofpowderorothermedicine.
scalpel:
asurgeon’ssharpknifeusedinoperations手术刀;解剖刀
Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemist’sscales,aspenetratingasascalpel.(Para.4)
Simile(明喻),comparinghisbraintothreedifferentthings.
Hyperbole,exaggeratingforeffect.
dumb:
(Americancolloquialismorslang)stupid;moronic;unintelligent
dumbasanox:
asstupidasanox;verystupid
nothingupstairs:
(Americanslang)empty-headed;anitwit(笨蛋;傻瓜).ThecorrespondingBritishslangis“unfurnishedintheupperstorey.”
unstable:
ad.easilymoved,upsetorchanged
emotional:
ad.havingfeelingswhicharestrongoreasilymoved
impressionable:
ad.easytobeinfluenced,oftenwiththeresultthatone’sfeelingsandideaschangeeasilyandesp.thatoneisreadytoadmireotherpeople.
Thechildisatanimpressionableage.这孩子正处于易受影响的年龄。
faddist:
apersonwhofollowsfads(apassingfashionorcraze)
Emotionaltype.Unstable.Impressionable.Worstofall,afaddist.
Allfoursentencesareelliptical(省略的).Thesubjectandverb“heis”isleftout.
fads:
apassingfashionorcraze
submit:
v.toofferasanopinion;suggest;propose
verynegation:
complete(absolute)lack
reason:
theabilitytothink,drawconclusions
tobesweptupin:
tobecarriedawayby;tofollowenthusiastically
craze:
somethingthatiscurrentlythefashion;fad
tosurrenderyourselfto:
toyield;toindulgein
idiocy:
n.[U]greatfoolishnessorstupidity
acme:
n.thehighestpointofdevelopment,success,etc.极度;发展、成就的顶点;登峰造极
theacmeofperfection
acmeofmindlessness:
theheightofstupidity;thegreatestlackofintelligence
Laxative:
n./ad/(amedicineorsth.)eatenforcausingthebowelstoemptyeasily泻药;通便剂
It’sdangerousforpeoplesufferingfromappendicitistotakeanykindoflaxative.
pausinginmyflight:
n.fleeingorrunningawayfrom.Hereitmeans“stoppedrushingout”(togetadoctor).
wail:
v.(oftenderog.)tocryoutwithalongsound(asif)ingrieforpain嚎啕大哭;大声哭叫
pound:
v.tohithard;todeliverheavy,repeatedblows猛击;猛打;猛烈跳动
Hepoundedthetableangrily./Myheartpoundedwithexcitement.
incredulously:
adv.showingdisbelief,unbelievingly
anincredulouslook/smile
incredible:
ad.sth.toostrangetobebelieved;unbelievableorveryhardtobelieve不敢相信的;难以置信的
That’sthemostincrediblecoincidenceI’veeverheardof!
Lookatitrationally:
“it”standsforthewholequestionofowningandwearingaraccooncoat.
unsanitary:
ad.notcleanorhealthy
Theyshed:
Thefuroftheraccooncoatscastofforlosehair(allthetime).
unsightly:
ad.notpleasanttolookat;ugly
It’sthethingtodo:
It’stheright,properorfashionablethingtodo.
intheswim:
conformingtothecurrentfashions,oractiveinthemaincurrentofaffairs
slip:
topass,move,etc.smoothly,quicklyoreasily
slippedintohighgear:
begantoworkathighspeedorefficiency.Amachineisinhighgearwhenthearrangementofgearsprovidethegreatestspeedbutlittlepower.
gear:
anyofseveralarrangements,esp.oftoothedwheelsinamachine,whichallowpowertobepassedfromoneparttoanothersoastocontrolthepower,speedordirectionofmovement.(齿轮传动装置;排挡)
narrowly:
adv.(fml.)inathoroughandusu.doubtingway彻底的;追根究底的
Theteacherquestionedtheboynarrowlyaboutwhyhewaslate.
affirm:
v.todeclare(usu.again,orinanswertoaquestionordoubt)肯定;确认
Sheaffirmedthatshewastellingthetruth.
Theministeraffirmedthegovernment’sintentiontoreducetaxes.
stroke:
v.passthehandovergently,esp.forpleasure抚摸
Thecatslikebeingstroked.
Hestrokedhisbeardreflectively.他捋着胡子在沉思。
Istrokedmychinthoughtfully.我若有所思的抚摸着下巴。
covet:
v.(esp.biblorhumor)todesireeagerly(esp.sth.belongingtoanotherperson)觊觎;垂涎
toletmyheartrulemyhead:
Metonymy.“Heart”standsfor“feelingsandemotions”and“head”for“reasonandgoodsense”.
cerebral:
ad.(fml.humor)conceivedbytheintellectratherthantheemotions.理智的
gracious:
ad.polite,kindandpleasant,esp.inagenerousway亲切的;和蔼的;仁慈的;有礼貌的
Busyasshewas,shewasgraciousenoughtoshowusaroundherhouse
specification:
n.adetailedplanorsetofdescriptionsordirections规格;说明
Thedesignerdrewuphisspecificationsforthenewcar.
Withoneomission…perfectly:
Exceptforonething(intelligence)Pollyhadalltheotherrequirements(beautyandgrace).
pin-up:
(Americancolloquialism)designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwalls.
proportions:
lines,shapeofthebody
supplythelack:
supplywhatiswanting.
makings:
thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemakingordevelopmentofsomething素质;必要因素
Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor./Thestoryhasallthemakingsofagreatmovie.
carriage:
n.(sing)themannerofcarryingoneself,bearingthemannerofholdingone’shead,limbs,andbodywhenstandingorwalking;physicalposture仪态;体态
Dancingcanimprovethecarriage.舞蹈能增进体态美。
erectnessofcarriage:
anounplusan“of”phrasehelpstoemphasizethenoun“erectness”.Soalso“easeofbearing”and“bestofbreeding”.
bearing:
n.thewayapersonholdshisbodyorbehaves;deportment举止;姿势;风度
Shehadanerectnessofcarriage,aneaseofbearing,apoisethatclearlyindicatedthebestofbreeding.
“bearing”and“carriage”aresynonymous(同义词).“Bearing”incomparisondenotesmannerofcarryingorconductingoneselfandreferstocharacteristicphysicalandmentalposture.“Carriage”specificallystressesthephysicalaspectsofaperson.
specialtyofthehouse:
thespecialdishwhichtherestaurantorcafeteriasells
potroast:
meat,usuallyalargecutofbeefcookedinonepiecebybraising
gravy:
n.[U]thejuicewhichcomesoutofmeatasitcooks,thickenedwithflour,