12英语四级真题.docx

12英语四级真题.docx

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12英语四级真题

2005.12英语四级真题

2005年12月英语四级真题及其答案

PartI　ListeningComprehension（20minutes）

PartIIReadingcomprehension（35minutes）

　　PassageOne

　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage

　　Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker.Frito-Lay.Thinksotherwise.”Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

　　Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica.ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow.thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

　　Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:

firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.”Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative（创新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

　　Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（标识）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

　　TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

　　21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat_____.

　　A）Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

　　B）Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales.

　　C）Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips

　　D）Peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips

　　22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

　　A）Itsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

　　B）Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

　　C）Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

　　D）Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.

　　23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat_____.

　　A）consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

　　B）localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

　　C）productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

　　D）productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

　　24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

　　A）Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

　　B）Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization.

　　C）Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.

　　D）TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

　　25.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket_____.

　　A）won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

　　B）willleadtoeconomicimperialism

　　C）willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

　　D）won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

　　PassageTwo

　　Question26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”

　　Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent（有综合能力的）.Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisproblem.

　　The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.

　　Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll（工资单）tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.

　　Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools.

　　AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection.,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.

　　InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.

　　Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.

　　“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”

　　AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum（论坛）。

“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”

　　26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?

　　A）Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.

　　B）Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.

　　C）Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.

　　D）Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.

　　27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?

　　A）Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.

　　B）Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.

　　C）Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.

　　D）Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.

　　28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis_________.

　　A）unavoidable

　　B）unthinkable

　　C）insolvable

　　D）irreversible

　　29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?

　　A）Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.

　　B）Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.

　　C）Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.

　　D）Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongissue.

　　30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto__________.

　　A）attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds

　　B）appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations

　　C）exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties

　　D）keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis

　　PassageThree

　　Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”SaidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..

　　Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheystressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmune（免疫的）function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagory（血淋淋的）videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.

　　Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.

　　“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity,”It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”

　　31.Thepassageismainlyabout______

　　A）thebenefitsofmanageablestress

　　B）stayawayfrom

　　C）runoutof

　　D）putupwith

　　32.Theword“shun”（Line1,Para.1）mostprobablymeans________.

　　A）cutdownon

　　B）stayawayfrom

　　C）runoutof

　　D）putupwith

　　33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_______

　　A）peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory

　　B）peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress

　　C）doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth

　　D）stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms

　　34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedad