英语名词性从句知识归纳.docx

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英语名词性从句知识归纳.docx

英语名词性从句知识归纳

名词性从句知识归纳

名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句不是修饰性从句,而是复合句中的主干。

.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.(主语从句)

Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.(宾语从句)

Thequestionishowwecanfinishitontime.(表语从句)

ThefactthatsomeChinesearestillpoorisreallyagreatproblem.(同位语从句)

名词性从句的连接词:

从句有无疑问含义

是否有含义

连接词的作用

是否引导从句

是否可省略

是否充当从句中的成分

充当从句中的哪种成分

that

一般可以

if(只用于宾语从句中),whether

“是否”

asif/asthough

because(只用于表语从句中)

“好像”

“因为”

what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever

“什么,谁,哪个,谁的”,“任何事,任何人,任意哪个”

主语,宾语,表语,定语

when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever

“什么时候,地点,为什么,怎样”,“无论什么时候,无论哪里”

状语

一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词(certain,sure,glad,afraid,frightened,happy,pleased,sad,sorry,surprised,upset,satisfied等)后

.Ibelieve(that)heishonest.(that不充当从句内的任何成分,一般情况可省略)

I’mgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.(that不充当从句内的任何成分)

Hedoesn’tcareif/whetheritisn’tafineday.(if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分)

Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.(what充当从句内的宾语)

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.(how充当从句内的状语)

Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.(whatever充当从句内的宾语,意为“任何事”)

I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.(whoever从当从句内的主语,意为“任何人”)

【宾语从句要点拓展】1.that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略,若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时,第一个从句中的that可以省略,而第二个分句前的that不可省略。

.Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.

2.whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用,但以下情况只能使用whether

(1)whether可与ornot连用.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillseethefilmornot.

(2)介词宾语从句要用whether.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.

(3)that引导的宾语从句只能放于in,except,besides和but四个介词后

.TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.

3.转移否定---当主句是I/Wethink(believe,consider,expect,suppose,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式,常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。

.Idon’tsuppose(that)itishisfault,isit?

4.时态问题---宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响,若主句是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态;若主句是过去时态,从句一般用过去的某种形式,如:

一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时态。

.Iknow(that)hedidn’ttellyouwhathewouldcomethen.

Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.

TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.

Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.

5.一种特殊类型的宾语从句---在这种句子里doyouthink等意为插入语,但实为主句,因此余下部分应用陈述语序

Wh-+doyouthink/believe/consider/suppose/guess/suggest/feel/say+余下部分?

.Wheredoyouguessourartfestivalistobeheld?

Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?

二、主语从句---位于句首,常用it做形式主语

.Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.(that不充当从句内的任何成分,不可省略)

Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(whether不充当从句内的任何成分,不能用if)

Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充当从句内的宾语)

Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.(who充当从句内的主语)

WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(where充当从句内的状语)

Whateverhesaidwasright.(whatever充当从句内的宾语)

Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(it为形式主语,代替how引导的主语从句)

【主语从句要点拓展】1.it做形式主语的结构

(1)It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/nowonder/commonsense/goodnewsthat…遗憾的是(荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是,好消息是……)

.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.

(2)It’sclear/right/true/certain/necessary/(un)likely/important/(im)possible/obvious/remarkablethat………很清楚(正确,必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)

.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.

(3)Itiswell-known/reported/recorded/estimated/said/believedthat…

众所周知(据报道,据记载,据估计,据说,据人们相信)…

.Itissaidthathisfatherlefthimnothing.

(4)Itturnsout/seems/appears/happens/matters…)that…

结果是……(似乎是,碰巧是,重要的是……)

.Ithappened(tome)thatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.

2.it做形式主语与itis(was)…that…强调句式的区分

.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.

解题方法:

将itis/was…that去掉,看余下部分是否完整,若完整即为强调句式;反之为it作形式主语。

三、表语从句---系动词后(常见系动词:

be,look,remain,seem,appear等)

.Theproblemisthattheycan’tgethereearlyenough.

Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.

Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.

Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.

Whathewantstogetiswhateveryouhave.

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.

四、同位语从句---抽象名词后(从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或解释说明抽象名词的内容)

.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.

名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点

一、语序问题---名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序

注意以下句子:

.Idon’tknowwhatisthematterwithhim.

Ihavenoideawhatwasthematterwithhim.

Couldyoutelluswhatwaswrong/thetroublewithhimyesterday?

二、从句中的虚拟语气问题

1.主语从句:

(1)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/essential/strange/that…(should)do…

(2)Itissuggested/advised/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…(should)do…

.Itisimportantthateverystudent(should)learnaforeignlanguage.

Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)checktheiranswersbeforehandinginthepaper.

2.宾语从句:

在表示“命令、要求、建议、决定”等意义的动词后的宾语从句常用“(should)+do”

【insist(坚持),order,urge,command(命令),require,request,demand(要求),advise,suggest,propose,recommend(建议)】

.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.

Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)giveupsmoking.

3.表语从句:

当主句的主语为order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词时,表语从句的谓语动词用“(should)do”的形式。

.Myadviceisthatyou(should)takemorephysicalexercise.

4.同位语从句:

用于解释order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词的同位语从句中常用“(should)do”结构

.Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.

三、连接词的选择问题

1.doubt---doubt用于肯定结构时,后面用whether引导名词性从句;用于否定结构或疑问结构时,后面用that引导名词性从句。

.Idoubtwhetherhetoldthetruth.Idon’tdoubtthathetoldthetruth.

Thedoctor’sdoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromthediseasesoon.

IhavenodoubtthatTomisatalentedactor.

2.sure---besure用于肯定句或疑问句时,后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时,后接whether引导的名词性从句。

.I’msurethatI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.

Areyousurethatyou’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.

I’mnotsurewhetherI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.

3.主语是reason时,表语要用that引导而不是because:

.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.

4.what和that---that在从句中不充当成分,不含疑问意义,而what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,且含有疑问意义。

.ThatTomfelloffhischairbyaccidentgottheclassmateslaughing.

WhatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.

=AllthatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.

5.连接词wh-和wh-ever选择---前者表示一个特指概念,引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;

后者表示一个泛指概念,意为“任何……”,引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句。

.Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.

Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.

(=anyonewhosharesherinterests.)

Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.(=anythingthathewantsthemtodo)

6.This/Thatiswhy…和This/Thatisbecause…

.ThereasonwhyIcamelateisthatmycarbrokedownonthehalfway.

→Hecamelate.That’sbecausehiscarbrokedown.

→Hiscarbrokedownonthehalfway.That’swhyhecamelate.

7.几个特殊句型之间的转换

ItisknowntoallthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(主语从句,it做形式主语)

Asisknowntoall,ChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)

WhatisknowntoallisthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(主语从句和表语从句)

四、it的问题

1.it做形式主语(注意与强调句式的辨别)

.ItwasmyfaultthatIhadhimplayfootballallafternoon.

Itisimportantthatweshouldgototheschooltotalkwiththeteacher.

2.it做形式宾语---V+it+adj./n.+todo/宾从

(V可以为make,find,feel,think,believe,consider,guess,suppose等)

.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

Shehasmadeitclearthateveryoneshouldwriteacomposition.

【固定结构】takeitforgrantedthat…认为…是理所当然的

seetoitthat…一定注意到…,务必…

Ihate/dislikeitwhen…我讨厌…时…

.Somestudentstakeitforgrantedthattheywillpasstheexams.

Willyoupleaseseetoitthatthechildrengetahotmealaftertheirswimming?

Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.

五、同位语从句和定语从句的区分

.Theideathatonecandotheworkwithoutthinkingiswrong.(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当成分,不可省略,从句具体说明idea的内容)。

Theideathatyouputforwardatthemeetingiswrong.(定语从句,that代替idea在从句中做putforward的宾语,that可以省略)。

Thesuggestionthatwediscusstheproblemalloveragainisagoodone.

Thesuggestionthathegaveatthemeetingwasagoodone.

【名词性从句的解题思路】:

高考中考查名词性从句时,经常考查连接词的选用。

解题时应先判断从句的类型,然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整,最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。

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