英语名词性从句知识归纳.docx
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英语名词性从句知识归纳
名词性从句知识归纳
名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句不是修饰性从句,而是复合句中的主干。
.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.(主语从句)
Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.(宾语从句)
Thequestionishowwecanfinishitontime.(表语从句)
ThefactthatsomeChinesearestillpoorisreallyagreatproblem.(同位语从句)
名词性从句的连接词:
从句有无疑问含义
是否有含义
连接词的作用
是否引导从句
是否可省略
是否充当从句中的成分
充当从句中的哪种成分
连
接
词
that
无
无
是
一般可以
否
无
if(只用于宾语从句中),whether
有
“是否”
是
否
否
无
asif/asthough
because(只用于表语从句中)
无
“好像”
“因为”
是
否
否
无
what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
有
“什么,谁,哪个,谁的”,“任何事,任何人,任意哪个”
是
否
是
主语,宾语,表语,定语
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever
有
“什么时候,地点,为什么,怎样”,“无论什么时候,无论哪里”
是
否
是
状语
一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词(certain,sure,glad,afraid,frightened,happy,pleased,sad,sorry,surprised,upset,satisfied等)后
.Ibelieve(that)heishonest.(that不充当从句内的任何成分,一般情况可省略)
I’mgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.(that不充当从句内的任何成分)
Hedoesn’tcareif/whetheritisn’tafineday.(if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分)
Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.(what充当从句内的宾语)
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.(how充当从句内的状语)
Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.(whatever充当从句内的宾语,意为“任何事”)
I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.(whoever从当从句内的主语,意为“任何人”)
【宾语从句要点拓展】1.that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略,若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时,第一个从句中的that可以省略,而第二个分句前的that不可省略。
.Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.
2.whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用,但以下情况只能使用whether
(1)whether可与ornot连用.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillseethefilmornot.
(2)介词宾语从句要用whether.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.
(3)that引导的宾语从句只能放于in,except,besides和but四个介词后
.TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.
3.转移否定---当主句是I/Wethink(believe,consider,expect,suppose,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式,常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。
.Idon’tsuppose(that)itishisfault,isit?
4.时态问题---宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响,若主句是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态;若主句是过去时态,从句一般用过去的某种形式,如:
一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时态。
.Iknow(that)hedidn’ttellyouwhathewouldcomethen.
Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.
TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.
5.一种特殊类型的宾语从句---在这种句子里doyouthink等意为插入语,但实为主句,因此余下部分应用陈述语序
Wh-+doyouthink/believe/consider/suppose/guess/suggest/feel/say+余下部分?
.Wheredoyouguessourartfestivalistobeheld?
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
二、主语从句---位于句首,常用it做形式主语
.Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.(that不充当从句内的任何成分,不可省略)
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(whether不充当从句内的任何成分,不能用if)
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充当从句内的宾语)
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.(who充当从句内的主语)
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(where充当从句内的状语)
Whateverhesaidwasright.(whatever充当从句内的宾语)
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(it为形式主语,代替how引导的主语从句)
【主语从句要点拓展】1.it做形式主语的结构
(1)It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/nowonder/commonsense/goodnewsthat…遗憾的是(荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是,好消息是……)
.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.
(2)It’sclear/right/true/certain/necessary/(un)likely/important/(im)possible/obvious/remarkablethat………很清楚(正确,必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)
.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.
(3)Itiswell-known/reported/recorded/estimated/said/believedthat…
众所周知(据报道,据记载,据估计,据说,据人们相信)…
.Itissaidthathisfatherlefthimnothing.
(4)Itturnsout/seems/appears/happens/matters…)that…
结果是……(似乎是,碰巧是,重要的是……)
.Ithappened(tome)thatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.
2.it做形式主语与itis(was)…that…强调句式的区分
.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.
解题方法:
将itis/was…that去掉,看余下部分是否完整,若完整即为强调句式;反之为it作形式主语。
三、表语从句---系动词后(常见系动词:
be,look,remain,seem,appear等)
.Theproblemisthattheycan’tgethereearlyenough.
Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.
Whathewantstogetiswhateveryouhave.
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.
四、同位语从句---抽象名词后(从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或解释说明抽象名词的内容)
.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.
名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点
一、语序问题---名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序
注意以下句子:
.Idon’tknowwhatisthematterwithhim.
Ihavenoideawhatwasthematterwithhim.
Couldyoutelluswhatwaswrong/thetroublewithhimyesterday?
二、从句中的虚拟语气问题
1.主语从句:
(1)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/essential/strange/that…(should)do…
(2)Itissuggested/advised/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…(should)do…
.Itisimportantthateverystudent(should)learnaforeignlanguage.
Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)checktheiranswersbeforehandinginthepaper.
2.宾语从句:
在表示“命令、要求、建议、决定”等意义的动词后的宾语从句常用“(should)+do”
【insist(坚持),order,urge,command(命令),require,request,demand(要求),advise,suggest,propose,recommend(建议)】
.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.
Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)giveupsmoking.
3.表语从句:
当主句的主语为order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词时,表语从句的谓语动词用“(should)do”的形式。
.Myadviceisthatyou(should)takemorephysicalexercise.
4.同位语从句:
用于解释order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词的同位语从句中常用“(should)do”结构
.Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.
三、连接词的选择问题
1.doubt---doubt用于肯定结构时,后面用whether引导名词性从句;用于否定结构或疑问结构时,后面用that引导名词性从句。
.Idoubtwhetherhetoldthetruth.Idon’tdoubtthathetoldthetruth.
Thedoctor’sdoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromthediseasesoon.
IhavenodoubtthatTomisatalentedactor.
2.sure---besure用于肯定句或疑问句时,后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时,后接whether引导的名词性从句。
.I’msurethatI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.
Areyousurethatyou’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.
I’mnotsurewhetherI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.
3.主语是reason时,表语要用that引导而不是because:
.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
4.what和that---that在从句中不充当成分,不含疑问意义,而what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,且含有疑问意义。
.ThatTomfelloffhischairbyaccidentgottheclassmateslaughing.
WhatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.
=AllthatTomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.
5.连接词wh-和wh-ever选择---前者表示一个特指概念,引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;
后者表示一个泛指概念,意为“任何……”,引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句。
.Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.
Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterests.
(=anyonewhosharesherinterests.)
Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.(=anythingthathewantsthemtodo)
6.This/Thatiswhy…和This/Thatisbecause…
.ThereasonwhyIcamelateisthatmycarbrokedownonthehalfway.
→Hecamelate.That’sbecausehiscarbrokedown.
→Hiscarbrokedownonthehalfway.That’swhyhecamelate.
7.几个特殊句型之间的转换
ItisknowntoallthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(主语从句,it做形式主语)
Asisknowntoall,ChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
WhatisknowntoallisthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.(主语从句和表语从句)
四、it的问题
1.it做形式主语(注意与强调句式的辨别)
.ItwasmyfaultthatIhadhimplayfootballallafternoon.
Itisimportantthatweshouldgototheschooltotalkwiththeteacher.
2.it做形式宾语---V+it+adj./n.+todo/宾从
(V可以为make,find,feel,think,believe,consider,guess,suppose等)
.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
Shehasmadeitclearthateveryoneshouldwriteacomposition.
【固定结构】takeitforgrantedthat…认为…是理所当然的
seetoitthat…一定注意到…,务必…
Ihate/dislikeitwhen…我讨厌…时…
.Somestudentstakeitforgrantedthattheywillpasstheexams.
Willyoupleaseseetoitthatthechildrengetahotmealaftertheirswimming?
Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.
五、同位语从句和定语从句的区分
.Theideathatonecandotheworkwithoutthinkingiswrong.(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当成分,不可省略,从句具体说明idea的内容)。
Theideathatyouputforwardatthemeetingiswrong.(定语从句,that代替idea在从句中做putforward的宾语,that可以省略)。
Thesuggestionthatwediscusstheproblemalloveragainisagoodone.
Thesuggestionthathegaveatthemeetingwasagoodone.
【名词性从句的解题思路】:
高考中考查名词性从句时,经常考查连接词的选用。
解题时应先判断从句的类型,然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整,最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。