段落写作.docx

段落写作.docx

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段落写作

段落的特点

一般来说，段落主要由三部分组成，即主题句、扩展句和结尾句。

主题句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的态度、观点、意图等，同时反映了段落的中心思想。

主题句应具备：

一是明确的观点，二是有一定的概括性，能用其它句子来解释、描述、分析等。

扩展句主要围绕着主题句进行叙述，说明或论述等。

扩展句必须明确、具体。

总结句指用一句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括，有时还起承上启下的作用。

总结句需要与主题呼应，引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。

总之，篇章的主题必须统一，内容完整、结构连贯，长度适度。

段落的发展

段落的扩展对构成一篇文章，展示文章的主题，有着举足轻重的作用。

常用的方式有：

1．排列顺序：

既按照内容的主次、时间的先后或位置的先后来进行论证，陈述或解释。

常用的词语有：

first／firstly,second／secondly，furthermore，finally，aboveall，firstandmost

important,tobegin／startwith,inthesecondplace,moreover,toconclude,next，then,afterwardlastly,intheend,eventually．

2．比较和对比：

一般来说，比较包括相同点和相异点。

对比则仅指相异点。

常见的词及词组有：

incomparison（with），likewise，similarly，inthesameway，equally，but,incontrastWith／to，instead，conversely，onthecontrary,in／bycontrast，while，Correspondingly．

3．因果和推理：

这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。

经常用到的因果关系的动词和动词词组有：

cause，produce，leadto,bringabout,resultfrom,bedueto，haveaneffecton,resultin．

因果关系的连接词有：

dueto，thefactthat,forthesimplereason，because（of），sothat,consequently，hence，asaresult，accordingly，therefore，solongas，so，thus，owingto，nowthat,for／as，since．

4．举例：

用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。

采用举例的方式，使文章内容更加充实，更富有内涵。

常用于举例的词和词组有：

suchas，forexample，forinstance，asanillustration，toillustrate，acaseinpoint，asfollows，justas，justas，including，like．

短文

短文的基本格式为：

开始段，主体段和结论段。

开始段是短文的中心，即主题。

文章的开头段必须把握两个原则：

表明文章的主题使文章的发展有所遵循；引发读者的兴趣、使他确信值得读下去。

主体段，即文章的发展，是文章的中心的发展，它以文章的开头为线索，准确，具体而充实地论证、说明或分析文章的主题。

主体段须遵循1）文章的发展必须通畅、自然。

2）文章的发展必须联贯统一。

3）文章的发展必须长短适度。

结论段：

同文章的开头和发展一样，文章的结尾也是写作成败的关键。

它起着总结，概括全篇的作用，使主题更加鲜明，结构更加完美。

SectionI补充主题句

1）__________________,generally,thestandardofeducationishigher.Thisisbecausecollegesanduniversitieshaveup-to-dateequipmentandotherresources.Also,teachersandlecturesarehighly-skilledprofessionalswhoareawareofallthelatestdevelopmentsintheirfieldsofinterest.Afinalpointisthattheoverseasqualificationswhichastudentobtainsarevalidusuallyanywhereintheworld.

2）__________________.Theseincludedefensecapabilitiesandsocialsecurity.Privateenterpriseandtheprofitmotiveshouldnotformpartoftheseessentialservices.Ontheotherhand,someservicescouldbeprovidedbyeithergovernmentsorprivategroupsorboth.Educationandhealthcareareexamplesofsuchservices.Agovernmentmustprovideatleastabasiclevelofeducationandhealthcaresoallcitizenscallhaveaccesstothem.

3）__________________.EverydaythereareopportunitiestopracticelisteningtoandspeakingwithAustralians.Also,studentscanexperiencetheculturefirst-hand,whichisagreathelpwhentryingtounderstandthelanguage.ThisisespeciallytrueiftheychoosetolivewithAustralians,aspartofahome-stayfamily,forexample.Furthermore,ifstudentsattendalanguageschoolfull-time,theteacherswillbenativespeakers.

4）__________________.Josedidnotcompletehismathematicsyesterday.Hespentthefirstfifteenminutesofthehourworkingonthefirstofthetenexaminationproblems.Hespentotherminutesdoodlingonhistestpaper.

5）__________________.Oneexampleistheword"graft."Theverbtograftfirstmeantmerelytowork.Englishpeopleonceusedthewordinsuchexpressionsas"Whereareyougrafting?

",meaning"Whereareyouworking?

".Fromthisperfectlyrespectablemeaning,thewordhasgraduallychanged.Todaygraftreferstoillegalgainswonbydishonestpoliticians.转

SectionII重组下面的段落

6.CertainlyTVcanbeapowerfuleducationaltool.Peoplecanlearnaboutsituationsandproblemsfaraway,andbegintounderstanddifferentcultures.Manyinformativedocumentariesaboutnature,news,andsocialissuesaremadenow,andthesecanstimulatepeopletoaction.Peopleinisolatedareascanknowforthemselveswhatishappeningintheworld.Thisgivesthemthepowertomaketheirowndecisionsandformtheirownopinions.

7.Inmyopinion,televisionisthemostimportanttechnologicaldevelopment.NowadaysalmosteveryoneintheworldhasaccesstoTV.Televisionhascausedsignificantchangesinfamilylifeandeducation.Someofthesechangeshavebeenpositivewhileothershavebeennegative.

8.However,thechangeshavenotallbeenpositive.Beforetelevisionwaswidelyavailable,familiesspentmoretimetogethertalkingandplayinggames.Theyseemedmuchclosertoeachotherthanmodemfamilies.

9.Tosumup,Ifeelthat,overall,therearestrongpositiveeffectsofTVintermsofitseducationrole,butithasinmanywaysalteredpeopleandfamiliesinanegativesense.

10.Also,thefactisthatpeoplewastealotoftimewatchingpoorqualityprogramswhichdonothaveapositiveinfluence.Peoplegetabadimpressionoftherealworldfromsuchprograms.Furthermore,TVissometimesusedtodeliberatelymisinformpeople;forexamplewhenitisusedtoasapropagandatoolbygovernments.转贴

BEC段落写作训练二

SectionIII根据所给出的主题句写出支持句

11.Themostobviousadvantagetooverseasuniversitystudyisreal-lifeuseofadifferentlanguage.

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12.Fortheindividualofficeworker,telecommutingwouldmeanspendingmoretimeathome.

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13.Theyoungergenerationisessentiallydifferentfromtheoldergeneration.

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14.Iliketravelingbybusthantravelingbyairplaneforthreereasons.

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SectionIV用启、承、转，合词填空

Text1

Teachersofforeignlanguagesshouldbeextremelywell-qualifiedinordertocarryouttheirdutiesproperly.15）______,ateachershouldpossessaminimumofagraduatedegreefromacertifiededucationschoolorinstituteifheistoteachhighschoolorbelow.Besidestheacademicdegree,teachersshouldnotconsiderteachingonlyasanoccupationforearningmoney;theyshouldalsobeinterestedinteaching.Itwas16）______necessarythatteachersbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields,17）______theyshouldfurthermorebeskillfulaswell.18）______thelanguageteachermustknowthetargetlanguagewellenoughtobeimitatedbyhisstudents.Ateachershould19）______knowthelinguisticfactsofthelanguageofthestudentsinordertounderstandproblemstheywillhaveinlearningthetargetlanguage,20）______theteachermustbefamiliarwithaudio-lingualtechniques.Knowingallthiswillhelpthestudentstolearncorrectlyandquickly.

Text2

21）______studyingtoomuchmaybeharmfultostudents.22）______,manyteachersexpecttheirstudentstodomoreworkthantheycanhandle.23）______,parentsdonotrealizethatpressuringtheirchildrentostudyhardthancalledforcaninjuretheirchildren＇shealth.24）______mostparentsknowwhatgrowingboysandgirlsneedrelaxationaswellasexercise,25）______manystudentshavenochoicebuttoburnthecandleatthebothendsinordertogetgoodgradesandpleasetheirparents,butaphysicallyweakerorsociallydeprivedchildmaynotbeabletokeepupwithsuchahurriedpace.Accordingly,thispressuretostudyinexcessofwhatisrequired.

1）

UniversityStudentsLikeReadingNewspapersinEnglish

DearEditor:

IamastudentatRenminUniversityofChinainBeijing.Asaregularwhogoestotheuniversitylibrary＇snewspaperroom,IhavediscoveredthatmanystudentslikereadingnewspaperinEnglish,especiallyChinaDaily.

ThereasonthatChinaDailyispopularamongstudentsisnotdifficulttoexplain.AmajorcharacteristicofChinaDailyistheconcisenessofitsarticles.Mostofthearticlesarebrief,clearlywrittenandinformative.Manystudentsarebusywiththeirstudiesanddon＇thavemuchsparetime.However,byreadingChinaDaily,readerscangetup-to-datenewsaboutChinaandtheworldandenhancetheirreadingcapabilitiesatthesametimeand,moreimportantly,itdoesn’tcostthemalotoftime.Inthissense,ChinaDailyisprovidingasortof“fast-food”toitsreaders.Furthermore,ChinaDailyalsohelpsitsreadersimprovetheirwritingskills.ForthosestudentswhofindEnglishcompositionsdifficult,articlesonChinaDailyserveasperfectexamples.转贴

ManyfellowstudentstoldmethattheyhadlearnedalotfromChinaDailyaboutChinaandtheworld.AsaresulttheyalsoimprovedtheirreadingandwritingandgothighmarksinEnglishexams.

YoursSincerely,

LinWeiying

2）China＇sMostFamousSymbolinNeedOfHelp

Yearsago,walkingtheGreatWallintheBeijingregionwaslikenootherexperienceinChina.Itwaspeaceful;therewerenocokecansormineralwaterbottlestospoiltheview----itwasquitesimplytheworld＇smostspectacularopenairmuseum.

Howthingshavechanged!

Therearenowcansandbottles,andsometimesmuchworse.WhileIusedtospendmostofrecreationaltimeclimbingtheGreatWall,Ihavefoundmyselfspendinganincreasingamountoft