Extra Passage泛读三汇总.docx

Extra Passage泛读三汇总.docx

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ExtraPassage泛读三汇总

ExtraPassage1

Imagineaclassroomwheretheinstructorsspeakaforeignlanguageandthestudentscan’ttakenotes,turntoatextbook,oraskanyquestions.Yetattheendofthefinalexam,oneparticipationmayfacelifeinjailorevendeath.That’sthetaskhandedtoAmericanjuniors,brieflythrowntogethertodecideaccusedcriminals’fate.

In“ATrialbyJury”，PrincetonhistoryprofessorD.GrahamBurnettoffersarareglimpseinsidejurydeliberationsataNewYorkmurdertrialwhereheservedasforemanlastyear.Accordingtotheprosecutor,thecaseseemsclear-cut;asexualencounterbetweentwomenwentawry.Thedefendantstabbedhisvictim26times,butclaimsheactedinself-defense,killingamanwhowasattemptingtorapehim.Burnettopenswithagraphicdescriptionofthecrime.Hethenintroducesthecharactersandwalksreadersthroughthe10-daytrial.Youhearthetestimonyofwitnessesdressedindragandfindyourselfputoffbyagrowlingprosecutorandthejudge’sindifference.Mostofthedrama,though,comesduringfourdaysandthreenightsofdeliberations.Onceretreatedinthejuryroom,confusionreigns.Mostjurorsdon’tunderstandthechargesorthemeaningofself-defense.Uninterestedjurorseemmoreconcernedaboutmissingappointments.Onthethirdday,onejurorrunstobathroomintearsafterexchangingcurses.Bythefinalday,nearly,everycries.

Thoughhe’snomorefamiliarwiththelawthantheotherjurors,whoincludeavacuum-cleanerrepairmanandasoftwaredeveloper,it’sfittingthatBurnettisateacher.Forus,heservesasapatientinstructor,illustratingwithhisexperiencejustwhataremarkableandsometimesremarkablystrangedutyservingonajurycanbe.

Formanycitizens,jurydutyistheirfirstexposuretoourjusticesystem.Jurorsdiscoverfirsthandthegapbetweenlawandjustice.Theyfacetwoflawedversionsofthesameevent,offeredbywitnessestheymaynotbelieve.AsBurnettobservers,“Weexpectmuchofthisroom,andwethinkaboutitlessoftenthanweprobablyshould.”Weassumejurorswilltaketheirjobseriously.Weexpectthemtodigestcomplicateddefinitionsthatleavelawyersconfused.

ButasBurnettquicklydiscovers,jurorsreceivelittlehelp.Thejudgeoffersthemnoguidanceabouthowtoconductthemselvesandracesthroughhisdeliveryofthemurdercharges.Onlywithinthepastdecadehavewefinallyabandonedthemisconceptionthatjurorsnaturallyreachtherightdecisionwithoutanyassistance.LedbyArizona,stateshaveinstitutedjuryreformsassimpleaslettingjurorstakenotesorobtainwrittencopiesoftheirinstruction.It’snotclearwhetherthesechangesimprovethequalityofjustice,butthereformscertainlyensurethatjurorsleavetheirtourofdutywithbetterfeelingsabouttheexperience.Unfortunately,suchreformshadn’tcomeyettoNewYorkatthetimesofthistrial.Nonetheless,Burnettandhisfellowjurorsgropetowardtheirownsolution,ultimatelyreachingwhathedescribesasan“avowedlyimperfect”result.

1.Thefocalpointof“ATrialbyJury”seemstobeon_____________.

A）thepresentationofaseriesofmeasuresaimedtoreformthejurysystem

B）thedescriptionofthewriter’sexperienceonatypicaljury

C）thereportingofaspeciallawsuitandthecommentonit

D）thejurysystemcannotdojusticetotheaccused

2.Thepointtheauthorintendstomakebyemployingtheanalogyinthefirstparagraphisthat_________.

A）studentsshouldneverbetakenbysurprise

B）jurorsarenotqualifiedforreachingaverdict

C）jurorsoftenmakemistakesintheirdecision

D）thejurysystemcannotdojusticetotheaccused

3.Thedescriptionofwhathappenedinsidethejuryroomseemstosuggestthat__________.

A）better-educatedpeopleshouldbeselectedasjurors

B）jurorsshouldkeeptheirheadscoolandtrynottobesentimental

C）thereismuchroomforreachinganarbitrary

D）thejudgeshouldhavegiventhejurorsclearinstructionaboutwhattodo

4.Theobjectiveofthejuryreformsisto__________.

A）improveofthequalityofjustice

B）givejurorreassuringfeelingabouttheexperienceincourt

C）helpjurorstoreachanavowedlyperfectverdict

D）enablejurorstoabandonsomemisconceptionsaboutlawandjustice

ExtraPassage2

Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shyareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.Worrisomethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds.WhatkindofimpressionamImaking?

Dotheylikeme?

DoIwoundstupid?

AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?

Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptisreflectedidreflectedinthewayheorshebehaves,andthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.

Shypeople,havinglowself-esteem,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurancethattheyaredoing“therightthing”.Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism;theyfeelitconfirmtheirinferiority.Theyalsofinditdifficultytobepleasedbycomplimentsbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.Ashypersonmayrespondtoacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone,“You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowit’snottrue.”.Itisclearthat,whileselfawarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.

Canshynessbecompletelyeliminated,oratleastreduced?

Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofself-esteem,itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessesaswellastheirstrengths.Forexample,mostpeoplewouldliketobe“A”studentineverysubjects.Itisnotfairforthemtolabelthemselvesinferiorbecametheyhavedifficultyinsomeareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustberealistic.Livingontheimpossibleleadstoasenseofinadequacy.

Eachoneofusisaunique,worthindividual.Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecometoliveuptoourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforchancesforarichandfulfillinglife.

1．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.

A）thecharacteristicsofshypeople

B）thecauseofshyness

C）thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople

D）theeffectofshynessonpeople

2．Accordingtothewriter,self-awarenessis____

A）harmfultopeople

B）aweakpointofshypeople

C）thecauseofunhappiness

D）agoodquality

3．Whatistheshypeople’sreactiontocompliment?

A）Theyarepleasedbyit.

B）Theyfeelitisnottrue.

C）Theyareverysensitivetoit.

D）Theyfeelitconfirmstheirinferiority.

4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A）Shynesshelpsustoliveuptoourfullpotential.

B）Shynessenablesustounderstandourselvesbetter.

C）Shynessblocksourchancesforarichlife.

D）Shynesshasnothingtodowithlackofself-esteem.

5．Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewriteris_____

A）ashyperson

B）arealisticperson

C）asensitiveperson

D）areservedperson

ExtraPassage3

Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,personsandevents,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.

Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewell-prepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewines,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofthesociety,offendmanypeople,andmarkthemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.

Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousconsequencesinlife,sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyother,nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect,andscarcelythat.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestirasteporspeakaworktofavourtheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval,noonewilldefendorexcusethem,andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.

1.Peoplewhoareunhappy______.

A.alwaysconsiderthingsdifferentlyfromothers.

B.usuallyareinfluencedbytheresultsofcertainthings

C.candiscovertheunpleasantpartofcertainthings

D.usuallyhaveafault-findinghabit

2．Thephrase“sourthepleasures