初中动词不定式用法及练习.docx

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初中动词不定式用法及练习.docx

初中动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。

一、构成:

todo.否定式nottodo

二、常见时态:

一般时todo进行时tobedoing完成式tohavedone

完成进行式tohavebeendoing

三、动词不定式在句子中的成分

1、作句子的主语:

现实中常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)后置。

比较下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.TochatwithMissWhiteisapleasantthing.=ItisapleasantthingtochatwithMissWhite.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.

句型总结

●Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等)作表语时,不定式之前常加一个引起的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情况。

(可以理解为某人的好,坏,聪明,愚蠢,对,错等等)

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.

It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.

●Itis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语,即不定式的逻辑主语。

Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.

ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.

2、作句子的表语:

不定式放在be动词后面,用作表语如:

Herdreamistobeapoliceman.

Myjobistohelpthepatient.

Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.

Mydreamistoownarobot.

Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.

Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.

HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.

Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.

3、作句子的宾语:

不定式放在及物动词后,用作宾语。

能跟不定式作宾语的动词(及物)很多,常见的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,

Iwanttogohome.

Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.

Theybegantoreadandwrite.

Sheforgottoclosethedoor.

HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.

IhopetospeakEnglishwell.

Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.

Ihopetohearfromyousoon.

Johndoesn’twanttobethehostofthecharityshow.

Theyaretryingtosolvetheproblembyhimself.

Millionsofpeoplehavelearnedtousecomputers.

有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:

forgettodosth.忘记要做某事

forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事

stoptodosth.停下来去做某事

stopdoingsth.停止做某事

goontodosth.继续做另一件事

goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事

needtodosth.需要做某事

needdoingsth.需要被做

Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.

Fathermuststopsmoking.

Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.

注意1:

动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放在后面,用it作形式主语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构

Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.

IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.

Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.

注意2:

常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。

构成“vt,+sb.+(not)todosth.”结构。

Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.

Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.

Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.

Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.

Mr.Luasksuetohandinourhomeworkontime.

ThedocteradvisedMr.Greentodrinkmorewater.

Mr.Wutellsthestudentsnottoshoutinclass.

Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.

注意3:

不定式作宾补省去to的情况(在被动语态中则to不能省掉)

常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有:

“一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(make,let,have)、五看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe)”help可带to,也可不带tohelpsb(to)dosth

Imadehimtodohiswork..----------------------------makesb.dosth.

Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.-------------------listentosb.dosth.

Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.--------------------------------fellsb.dosth.

Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.-------------makesb.dosth.

Youmustwatchmetodoeverything--------------------------watchsb.dosth.

Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.-------letsb.dosth.

Heoftenhelps(to)cleantheroom.

Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus(to)learnEnglish.

被动语to要加上

Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme)

Theyaremadetoworkfor12hoursaday.

Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.

Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.

Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatfoodaftertheoperation.

Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.

4、作句子的定语:

不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。

如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.

Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.

Wehavealotworktodo.

Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.

Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.--------------------------------------live是不及物动词

Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.----------------------------------worry是不及物动词

MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.没有必要去烦他

Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?

重要的事情去告诉我

I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.没有什么去担心

I’mthirsty.Givemesomethingtodrink.给我些东西去喝

Springisthebestseasontoplanttrees.春季是最好的季节去种树

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有机会去上大学

5、作句子的状语:

动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语,可作目的、结果、原因状语。

cometodosth.

gotodosth.

stoptodosth.

inorder(not)todo

too+adj.+todosth.

adj.\adv.+enoughtodosth

soasto,

enoughto,

onlyto,

ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.(目的)

Let’sstoptohavearest.

Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.(结果)

Herunsfastenoughtocatchahorse.

I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.(原因)

Wearesurprisedtoseesuchbeautifulanimals.

InordertoimprovehisEnglish,TomgoestotheEnglishcornereveryday.

Iwastootiredtofallsleep.

Sheranfasttocatchthefirstbus.

Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.

Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.目的

Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.(目的)

I’mtootiredtodowell.结果

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.结果

六、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。

这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。

要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。

例如:

Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)

  Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)

注意:

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

  Whattodonext?

(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?

  Whygothere?

(=Whydowe/yougothere?

在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Whynothavearest?

Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)

Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)

Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.(=whereweshouldputthemachine)

IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)

Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.

Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhentostart.

Pleaseshowushowtousethecomputer.

Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.

Exercise

一、填空

1.——你父亲愿意去购物吗?

——不,他宁可在家听音乐。

——Doesyourfatherwanttogoshopping?

——No.heathome.

2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。

Theyfoundthedisabled.

3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。

AudreyHepburnthefilmindustry.

4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。

Tellthepoor.

5,He.(宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影)

6,Father(习惯于看报)aftersupper.

7,Ifsomeonelaughsatyou,youshould.(不理睬)

答案

1,prefersto\wouldratherlistentomusic

2,it(was)necessarytohelp

3,devotedmostofhertimeto

4,childrennottolookdownon

5,prefersstayingathometogoingtothecinema

6,isusedtoreadingnewspapers,

7,paynoattentiontohim

二,选择

1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeaching

becauseofpoorhealth.

A.givingupB.togiveup

C.giveupD.givenup

2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.

A.explainedB.toexplain

C.beingexplainedD.explaining

3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.

A.havingbeenB.tohavebeen

C.tobeD.being

4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth

_____forhimwithoutdelay.

A.tohavewovenB.tobewoven

C.tobeweavingD.toweave

5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.

A.learnedB.learning

C.tobelearnedD.tolearn

6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.

---Oh,Iforgot______.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoff

C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreement

betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

---Thekey____theproblemistomeet

thedemand____bythecustomers.

A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,made

C.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made

8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?

----Itisaverygood_____.

A.schooltostudyin

B.schoolforchildrentostudy

C.studyingschool

D.schooltostudy

9.---Didyougetajob?

---No,I___,butit’snouse.

A.expectedB.triedto

C.managedtoD.planned

10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___

aheadoftime.

A.tofinishB.finishing

C.beingfinishedD.tobefinished

11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.

----Whynot___therebyboatfora

change?

A.totrytogoB.trygoing

C.totrygoingD.trytogo

12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrom

morningtillnight.

A.TomakeB.Made

C.MakingD.Tohavemade

13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___

forfood.

A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg

14.Theboypretended____whenhismother

entered.

A.readingB.toread

C.tobereadingD.beingread

1---5BDCBD6------10CBABD11------14BAAC

三、选择

1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy

C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.don’tmake

3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpect

C.tobeexpectingD.expects

4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseen

C.seeingD.see

5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.

A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit

C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit

6.Themotherdidn

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