人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套.docx
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人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套
人教版八年级英语下册单元语法
归纳及练习全套
Unit1重点语法
教学目标:
掌握情态动词should的用法
掌握反身代词的用法
1.情态动词should的用法
(1)情态动词should后接动词原形,变为一般疑问句时将should提前,变为否定句时在should后面加not。
Weshouldlistentoourteachercarefullyinclass.
ShouldItellhimthenewsrightnow?
Weshouldn’tcomelatetoschool.
(2)should常用于以下两种情况:
①提出建议、观点或看法。
Youlootired.Youshouldliedownandrest.
②表示推测,意为“该,按理应当”。
Waitaminute.Ithinheshouldcomeinamoment.
2.反身代词
(1)反身代词的构成
反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词,有人称和数之分。
第一、二人称反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self(单数)或selves(复数)”构成;第三人称则由“宾格人称代词+self(单数)或selves(复数)”构成。
详见下表:
人称
单数
复数(-selves)
第一人称
myself我自己
ourselves我们自己
第二人称
yourself你自己
yourselves你们自己
第三人称
himself他自己
themselves他/她/它们自己
herself她自己
itself它自己
(2)反身代词的用法
①做宾语
Youmustlooafteryourselfwellandeephealthy.
Thechildcandresshimself.
②做同位语
Hedidn’toftengoshoppinghimself.
=Hehimselfdidn’toftengoshopping.
③做主语
在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它可以借助and,or,nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)。
Mybrotherandmyselfwentthereyesterday.
Hewasasaniousasmyself.
Jim’ssisterandhimselfgetupatsieveryday.
(3)含反身代词的短语小结
byoneself独自,单独
foroneself亲自
teachoneself自学
learn...byoneself自学
enjoyoneself玩得开心
saytooneself自言自语
dressoneself穿衣服
helponeselfto...随意吃/喝点......
Iamabletodoitbymyself.
IteachmyselfEnglishinmysparetime.
Theyenjoyedthemselvesattheparty.
基础巩固
1.----Manypeopleplaywithmobilephonesalldayinsteadofreadingboos.
----That’stoobad.Everyone_______beaboolover.Readingismoreenjoyable.
A.mayB.shouldC.would
2.----Youruncleisverygoodatcooing!
Howdidhelearnit?
----Helearneditby_______.
A.HimB.himselfC.herD.herself
专项提升
1、单句语法填空
1.Weshould_______(learn)tostudybyourselves.
2.Aftercomingbacfromthestorm,shefeltshewasnot_______(she).
3.“You’reoldenough,boy.You’dbetterdoit_______(you).”myfathersaidtome.
4.It’stoodangerousfortheyoungchildrentoplayneartheriverby_______(they).
5.Mybrotherisalwaysstrictwith_______(he).
2、根据汉语意思完成句子
6.你应该听你父母的话。
You_____________________yourparents.
7.他们不应该在走廊里跑。
They______________inthehallway.
8.昨天他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
They______________atthepartyyesterday.
9.没有人教她,她自学了英语。
Nobodytaughtherandshe_______English______________.
10.我们应该做什么?
_______________wedo?
能力提升
单项填空
1.LinaandittywillgotoGreeneryThemeParby_______netSunday.
A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves
2.Dogs_______runthroughsoccergamesatthepar.It’sdangerous!
A.shouldB.shouldn’tC.needD.needn’t
3.Lucily,hedidn’thurt_______terriblyyesterday,andhewillbebettersoon.
A.heB.themselvesC.himselfD.they
4.Tomysurprise,hesold_______houseatsuchalowprice.
A.heB.himC.hisD.himself
5.----Didyoumaetheite_______,ids?
----No,ourunclemadeitforus.
A.yourselvesB.yourselfC.themselves
6.Asmiddleschoolstudents,we_______beafraidofdifficultiesifwewanttomaeourdreamscometrue.
A.mustB.shouldn’tC.need
7.Peterdoesn’tfeelsureof_______inhisnewschool.
A.heB.himC.hisD.himself
答案:
基础巩固
1-2BB
专项提升
1.learn2.herself3.yourself4.themselves5.himself6.shouldlistento7.shouldn’trun8.enjoyedthemselves/hadfun9.learned;byherself10.Whatshould
能力提升
1-5DBCCA6-7BD
Unit2重点语法
教学目标:
掌握不定式几种重要用法
1.动词不定式
动词不定式的基本结构为“to+动词原形”(有时可不加to)。
在句中除了不能充当谓语外,其他成分都可以充当,如:
主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
此处主要讲做宾语补足语和状语的用法。
(1)做宾语补足语。
动词不定式做宾语补足语,放在宾语的后面,表示宾语是什么或怎么样。
有todo和tobe两种形式。
Thedoctoradvisedhimtotaeagoodrest.
IfindEnglishtobeveryeasy.
注意:
在as,tell,encourage,get,wish,want,wouldlie,find,advise,teach等动词或短语之后,常接带to的不定式做宾语补足语。
Weasedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.
我们请他在聚会上唱一首流行歌曲。
动词不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式符号to在使役动词(have,mae,let)、感官动词(feel,hear,watch,see,notice等)的后面时要省略。
但它们变为被动语态时,不定式符号to不能省略。
Thebossmadetheworersworovertenhoursadayinthepast.
=Theworersweremadetoworovertenhoursadaybythebossinthepast.
动词help接不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。
Heoftencomestohelpus(to)dosomefarmwor.
拓展
动词不定式在listento,looat后做宾语补足语时,常省略to。
Ilistenedtohimsing.我听到他唱歌。
动词不定式在hadbetter等词组后做宾语时,省略to。
You’dbettergohomeatonce.
(2)做状语
①表目的:
不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。
但在句中前面时,不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时,一般不用逗号隔开。
Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.
Wesetoutatfiveinthemorningtogetthereontime.
②表结果:
不定式做结果状语,一般位于句子末尾。
Iwenttotheclassroom,todiscoveritempty.
2.动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而成的短语,如cleanup,giveout,cheerup,putoff,setup,thinup,taeafter,fiup,giveaway,putup,handout等。
动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式:
(1)动词+介词
这类动词短语主要有:
agreewith,asfor,arriveat/in,beginwith,comefrom,getto,geton,getoff,hearof,nocat/on,laughat,looat,looafter,loofor,listento,waitfor,taeafter等。
注意:
这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
Iamlooingformypen.Ihavebeenlooingforitfortwohours.
(2)动词+副词
这类动词短语主要有:
findout,getbac,giveout,looup,puton,putup,putoff,passon,turnon/off,taeout,writedown,waeup,worout,putaway,thinup等。
注意:
这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时,名词可放在副词之前,也可放在副词之后;宾语是代词时,代词只能放在副词之前。
Pleasepicupthepen.=Pleasepicthepenup.
Canyoupicitup?
(3)动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语有:
havealooat,maefriendswith,payattentionto,taecareof,looforwardto等。
注意:
在这类动词短语中,宾语都放在介词之后。
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.
(4)动词+形容词+介词
这类动词短语主要有:
beangrywith,bebusywith,begood/badfor,bedifferentfrom,belatefor,beinterestedin,befamousfor,begoodat等。
Don’tbeangrywithhim.Heisonlyachild.
基础巩固
1.Thesepeopledressthemselvesinbloodysharsuits.Theytellpeople_______sharfinsinordertoprotectshars.
A.eatB.toeatC.noteatD.nottoeat
2.Alanoftengoestotheoldpeople’shome_______uptheoldandlooafterthem.
A.tocheerB.cheerC.cheers
3.Noonecanberightallthetime.Whenpeoplemaemistaes,weshouldn’t_______them.
A.waitforB.sendforC.nocatD.laughat
4.----Alice,don’tputyourthingshere._______.
----O,Iwill.
A.PutawaythemB.PutonthemC.PutthemawayD.Putthemon
5.YunnanisbeautifulandI’m_______visitingitagain.
A.eepingclearof
B.sufferingfrom
C.looingforwardto
D.runningawayfrom
6.----Hainan_______itsbluesyandfreshair.
----Soitis.That’swhymoreandmorevisitorsspendtheirholidayshere.
A.isweainB.isfamousforC.isuseto
专项提升
单句语法填空
1.Hewants_______(put)upsomesignsasingforoldtoys.
2.Mariaplans_______(be)ateacherbecausesheloveschildren.
3.Iwanttolearnmoreabouthow_______(care)foranimals.
4.Theywillgettogether_______(discuss)thisquestion.
5.Weneedtomaemoreyoungpeople_______(learn)shadowpuppet(木偶)playssothatitwon’tdisappearinChina.
6.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine_______(reduce)thewasteofwaterinthebathroom.
7.Lastyear,shedecided_______(try)outforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.
8.Wouldyoulie________(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?
9.Shehopes_______(be)avolunteerduringthissummervacation.
10.Pleasepromise_______(nottell)liesanymore,willyou?
能力提升
单项填空
1.Thegirlwasmade_______herbrother’sclothes.
A.towashB.washC.washing
2.Mysisterwithmyparents_______dumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.
A.aremaingB.ismaingC.wasmaingD.weremaing
3.----Who_______yourpetdogswhileyouwereoutforaholiday?
----Myneighbor,awarm-heartedwoman.
A.putonB.looedafterC.gaveupD.turnedoff
4.Ourteacher_______abooshelfatthebacofourclassroomtomaeasmallreadingcorner.
A.picedupB.putupC.tooupD.gotup
5.Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarand_______couldbeseenclearly.
A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything
6.----Howdoyouliethisspeech?
----Ilieitverymuchanditcan_______me_______toachievemydream.
A.cheer;upB.connect;withC.let;downD.tae;up
7.Onmywayhome,Isawagranny(奶奶)falldown.Iofferedhelpfirstandthen_______thepolice.
A.calledupB.caredforC.cheeredupD.foundout
答案:
基础巩固:
1-6DADCCB
专项提升:
1.toput2.tobe3.tocare4.todiscuss5.learn6.toreduce7.totry8.togo9.tobe10.nottotell
能力提升:
1-5ACBBC6-7AA
Unit3重点语法
教学目标:
掌握Couldyouplease...?
句型的用法
Couldyouplease...?
句型
(1)请求别人帮忙做某事时通常用此句型,也可以说:
Canyou...please?
情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could比can在语气上更显得委婉、客气、诚恳。
在日常生活中常使用Couldyou/I...?
若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。
Couldyoupleasehelpmefindmyboo,please?
你能帮我找到我的书吗?
(2)对Couldyou/I...?
的问句做出肯定回答,常用“Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse.”等;如果做否定回答,常用“Sorry.../Oh,pleasedon’t.”一般不用no开头,用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
----Couldyougivemeabottleoforangejuice,please?
----Sure.Hereyouare.
----Couldyoucarrytheboforme?
----Sorry,Ican’t.I’mbusynow.
(3)表示请求的其他句式:
Wouldyoupleaselietodosth.?
Wouldyouminddoingsth.?
Let’sdosth.
ShallI/wedosth.?
Pleasedosth.
典型例题
基础巩固
1.----Hi,Jac!
CouldyoucometoourEnglishparty?
----Sorry,I______.Ihavetolooaftermylittlesisterathome.
A.mustB.couldC.can’t
2.----Jeff,couldyoutellmehowtoorderataithrough“Didi”?
----______.
A.You’rewelcomeB.SureC.TaeiteasyD.Itdoesn’tmatter
3.----CouldIborrowyourbieplease?
----______.
A.OfcourseyoucanB.Itdoesn’tmatter
C.Yes,I’dlovetoD.No,thanyou
4.----Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?
I’mgoingtocoodinner?
----______.I’lldoitatonce,Mom.
5.----CouldIuseyourpencilf