The Oxford 3000.docx

The Oxford 3000.docx

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TheOxford3000

TheOxford3000™

ThekeywordsoftheOxford3000havebeencarefullyselectedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsandexperiencedteachersasthewordswhichshouldreceivepriorityinvocabularystudybecauseoftheirimportanceandusefulness.Theselectionisbasedonthreecriteria.

ThewordswhichoccurmostfrequentlyinEnglishareincluded,basedontheinformationintheBritishNationalCorpusandtheOxfordCorpusCollection.（Acorpusisanelectronicallyheldcollectionofwrittenorspokentexts,oftenconsistingofhundredsofmillionsofwords.）However,beingfrequentinthecorpusaloneisnotenoughforawordtoqualifyasakeyword:

itmaybethatthewordisusedveryfrequently,butonlyinanarrowlydefinedarea,suchasnewspapersorscientificarticles.Inordertoavoidincludingtheserestrictedwords,weincludeaskeywordsonlythosewordswhicharefrequentacrossarangeofdifferenttypesoftext.Inotherwords,keywordsarebothfrequentandusedinavarietyofcontexts.Inaddition,thelistincludessomeveryimportantwordswhichhappennottobeusedfrequently,eventhoughtheyareveryfamiliartomostusersofEnglish.Theseinclude,forexample,wordsforpartsofthebody,wordsusedintravel,andwordswhichareusefulforexplainingwhatyoumeanwhenyoudonotknowtheexactwordforsomething.Thesewordswereidentifiedbyconsultingapanelofoverseventyexpertsinthefieldsofteachingandlanguagestudy.

ThewordsoftheOxford3000areshowninthemainsectionofthedictionarywithaprecedingkeysymbol（

）.Theentriesforkeywordsoftenhaveextrainformationintheformofmoreexamplesofuse,specialnotesexplainingsynonymsorrelatedwords,orhelpfulillustrations.Thismeansthatthekeywordsmakeanexcellentstartingpointforexpandingyourvocabulary.Withmostkeywords,thereisfarmoretolearnaboutthemthanthefirstmeaningintheentry:

oftenthesewordshavemanymeanings,havealargefamilyofwordsderivedfromthem,orareusedinavarietyofpatterns.Allofthismeansthateachoneofthekeywordsrepaysclosestudy.

ThelistcoversBritishandAmericanEnglish.Itisarrangedtoemphasizetheconnectionsbetweenwords,sothatwordswhichareverycloselyrelated（includingadverbsendingin-lyandoppositesstartingwithun-）aregroupedtogether.Somebasicphrasesarealsoincluded.Propernames（namesofpeople,places,etc.beginningwithacapitalletter）andnumbersarenotincludedinthemainlist.

Aseparatelistofwordswhichareimportantforlanguagestudy,butlessimportantineverydaylife,followsthemainlist.Knowingthesewordswillhelpyoutounderstandmoreoftheinformationgivenintheentries,especiallyregardingtheword’sgrammarandregister（whetheritisformal,informal,etc.）.

Inordertomakethedefinitionsinthisdictionaryeasytounderstand,wehavewrittenthemusingthekeywordsoftheOxford3000.Allwordsusedinnormaldefinitiontextarekeywords,orareonthelistoflanguagestudyterms.Numbersandpropernamesarealsousedindefinitions.WhenithasbeennecessarytouseaspecialisttermwhichisnotintheOxford3000,thewordisshowninsmallcapitals.Ifyoudonotknowthemeaningofthisword,lookitupinthedictionary:

itwillhelpyoutounderstandthedefinitionthatyouareinterestedin,andwillprobablybeausefulwordtolearnbecauseitwillberelatedtotheoriginalwordyoulookedup.

Ofcourse,yourowninterestsandcircumstancesmeanthatyouwillcertainlywanttolearnotherwordswhicharenotpartoftheOxford3000.Youwillfindspecialistlistsforthosewhoseareaofworkorstudyisscience,thearts,orbusinessandfinanceafterthemainlist.ThesewordsarethenextmostimportantwordstolearnaftertheOxford3000ifyouareinterestedinoneofthesefields.ThelistsarebasedonanalysesofspecialistcorporaandincludethenextmostfrequentwordsafterthekeywordsoftheOxford3000.

a,anindefinitearticle

abandonv.

abandonedadj.

abilityn.

ableadj.

unableadj.

aboutadv.,prep.

aboveprep.,adv.

abroadadv.

absencen.

absentadj.

absoluteadj.

absolutelyadv.

absorbv.

abusen.,v.

academicadj.

accentn.

acceptv.

acceptableadj.

unacceptableadj.

accessn.

accidentn.

byaccident

accidentaladj.

accidentallyadv.

accommodationn.

accompanyv.

accordingtoprep.

accountn.,v.

accurateadj.

accuratelyadv.

accusev.

achievev.

achievementn.

acidn.

acknowledgev.

acquirev.

acrossadv.,prep.

actn.,v.

actionn.

takeaction

activeadj.

activelyadv.

activityn.

actor,actressn.

actualadj.

actuallyadv.

ad

advertisement

adaptv.

addv.

additionn.

inaddition（to）

additionaladj.

addressn.,v.

adequateadj.

adequatelyadv.

adjustv.

admirationn.

admirev.

admitv.

adoptv.

adultn.,adj.

advancen.,v.

advancedadj.

inadvance

advantagen.

takeadvantageof

adventuren.

advertisev.

advertisingn.

advertisement（alsoad,advert）n.

advicen.

advisev.

affairn.

affectv.

affectionn.

affordv.

afraidadj.

afterprep.,conj.,adv.

afternoonn.

afterwards（especiallyBrE;NAmEusuallyafterward）adv.

againadv.

againstprep.

agen.

agedadj.

agencyn.

agentn.

aggressiveadj.

agoadv.

agreev.

agreementn.

aheadadv.

aidn.,v.

aimn.,v.

airn.

aircraftn.

airportn.

alarmn.,v.

alarmingadj.

alarmedadj.

alcoholn.

alcoholicadj.,n.

aliveadj.

alldet.,pron.,adv.

allowv.

allrightadj.,adv.,exclamation

allyn.,v.

alliedadj.

almostadv.

aloneadj.,adv.

alongprep.,adv.

alongsideprep.,adv.

aloudadv.

alphabetn.

alphabeticaladj.

alphabeticallyadv.

alreadyadv.

alsoadv.

alterv.

alternativen.,adj.

alternativelyadv.

althoughconj.

altogetheradv.

alwaysadv.

a.m.（NAmEalsoA.M.）abbr.

amazev.

amazingadj.

amazedadj.

ambitionn.

ambulancen.

among（alsoamongst）prep.

amountn.,v.

amusev.

amusingadj.

amusedadj.

an

a,an

analyse（BrE）（NAmEanalyze）v.

analysisn.

ancientadj.

andconj.

angern.

anglen.

angryadj.

angrilyadv.

animaln.

anklen.

anniversaryn.

announcev.

annoyv.

annoyingadj.

annoyedadj.

annualadj.

annuallyadv.

anotherdet.,pron.

answern.,v.

anti-prefix

anticipatev.

anxietyn.

anxiousadj.

anxiouslyadv.

anydet.,pron.,adv.

anyone（alsoanybody）pron.

anythingpron.

anywayadv.

anywhereadv.

apartadv.

apartfrom（alsoasidefromespeciallyinNAmE）prep.

apartmentn.（especiallyNAmE）

apologize（BrEalso-ise）v.

apparentadj.

apparentlyadv.

appealn.,v.

appearv.

appearancen.

applen.

applicationn.

applyv.

appointv.

appointmentn.

appreciatev.

approachv.,n.

appropriateadj.

approvaln.

approve（of）v.

approvingadj.

approximateadj.

approximatelyadv.

Apriln.（abbr.Apr.）

arean.

arguev.

argumentn.

arisev.

armn.,v.

armsn.

armedadj.

armyn.

aroundadv.,prep.

arrangev.

arrangementn.

arrestv.,n.

arrivaln.

arrivev.

arrown.

artn.

articlen.

artificialadj.

artificiallyadv.

artistn.

artisticadj.

asprep.,adv.,conj.

ashamedadj.

asideadv.

asidefrom

apartfrom

askv.

asleepadj.

fallasleep

aspectn.

assistv.

assistancen.

assistantn.,adj.

associatev.

associatedwith

associationn.

assumev.

assurev.

atprep.

atmospheren.

atomn.

attachv.

attachedadj.

attackn.,v.

attemptn.,v.

attemptedadj.

attendv.

attentionn.

payattention

attituden.

attorneyn.（especiallyNAmE）

attractv.

attractionn.

attractiveadj.

audiencen.

Augustn.（abbr.Aug.）

auntn.

authorn.

authorityn.

automaticadj.

automaticallyadv.

autumnn.（especiallyBrE）

availableadj.

averageadj.,n.

avoidv.

awakeadj.

awardn.,v.

awareadj.

awayadv.

awfuladj.

awfullyadv.

awkwardadj.

awkwardlyadv.

babyn.

backn.,adj.,adv.,v.

backgroundn.

backwards（alsobackwardespeciallyinNAmE）adv.

backwardadj.

bacterian.

badadj.

gobad

badlyadv.

bad-temperedadj.

bagn.

baggagen.（especiallyNAmE）

bakev.

balancen.,v.

balln.

banv.,n.

bandn.

bandagen.,v.

bankn.

barn.

bargainn.

barriern.

basen.,v.

basedon

basicadj.

basicallyadv.

basisn.

bathn.

bathroomn.

batteryn.

battlen.

bayn.

bev.,auxiliaryv.

beachn.

beakn.

bearv.

beardn.

beatn.,v.

beautifuladj.

beautifullyadv.

beautyn.

becauseconj.

becauseofprep.

becomev.

bedn.

bedroomn.

beefn.

beern.

beforeprep.,conj.,adv.

beginv.

beginningn.

behalfn.:

onbehalfofsb,onsb’sbehalf（BrE）（NAmEinbehalfofsb,insb’sbehalf）

behavev.

behaviour（BrE）（NAmEbehavior）n.

behindprep.,adv.

beliefn.

believev.

belln.

belongv.

belowprep.,adv.

beltn.

bendv.,n.

bentadj.

beneathprep.,adv.

benefitn.,v.

besideprep.

betv.,n.

bettingn.

better,best

good,well

betweenprep.,adv.

beyondprep.,adv.

bicycle（alsobike）n.

bidv.,n.

bigadj.

billn.

binn.（BrE）

biologyn.

birdn.

birthn.

givebirth（to）

birthdayn.

biscuitn.（BrE）

bitn.（especiallyBrE）

abit

bitev.,n.

bitteradj.

bitterlyadv.

blackadj.,n.

bladen.

blamev.,n.

blankadj.,n.

blanklyadv.

blindadj.

blockn.,v.

blondeadj.,n.,blondadj.

bloodn.

blowv.,n.

blueadj.,n.

boardn.,v.

onboard

boatn.

bodyn.

boilv.

bombn.,v.

bonen.

bookn.,v.

bootn.

bordern.

borev.

boringadj.

boredadj.

born:

bebornv.

borrowv.

bossn.

bothdet.,pron.

botherv.

bottlen.

bottomn.,adj.

boun