考研英语真题及答案.docx

考研英语真题及答案.docx

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考研英语真题及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　AncientGreekphilosopherviewedlaughteras“abolidyeercisepreicioustoheath。

”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsummption,Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitsthe,say,walkingotjoggingdoes

　　6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobulidthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown

　　Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoglaughingprobablydoes11oneclassicaltheoryofemtion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendof19thcentrythathumensdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbeginstoflow

　　Althiughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimemtpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneigherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisethrieenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood

　　1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

　　2.[A]reflect[B]demend[C]indicate[D]produce

　　3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

　　4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

　　5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

　　6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

　　7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

　　8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

　　9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]morderate[D]enhance

　　10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subcinscious[D]intermal

　　11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

　　12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

　　13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

　　14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]supresses

　　15.[A]into[B]form[C]towards[D]beyond

　　16.[A]fecth[B]form[C]pick[D]hold

　　17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

　　18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

　　19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

　　20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similatly[D]Conversely

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readingthefollowingfourstexts.AnswerthequestionbeloweachtextbyChoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic

　　Oneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim。

”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwise

　　Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumes

　　Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncert

　　Onepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merely,expandingtheorchestra’srepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’aolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract。

　　21.WelearnfromPara1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

　　[A]incuredcriticism

　　[B]raisedsuspicion

　　[C]raceivedacclaim

　　[D]aroundcuriousity

　　22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

　　[A]influential

　　[B]modest

　　[C]respectable

　　[D]talented

　　23.Theautherbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

　　[A]ingoretheexpenseofliveperformance

　　[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformance

　　[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformanc

　　[D]overestimatethevarietyofliveperformance

　　24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

　　[A]Theyareofteninterrortoliveconcertsinquality

　　[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralpublic

　　[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic

　　[D]Theyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces

　　25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeels

　　[A]doubtful

　　[B]enthusisastic

　　[C]confident

　　[D]puzzled

　　Text2

　　WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambition"wasverymuchmydecision,"McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

　　MaGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations。

　　Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders。

　　Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,"Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."

　　Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCItigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstiturionthreeyearslater。

　　Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,buthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong"

　　26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing（）

A.ArrogantB.frankC.self-centeredD.impulsive

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby（）

　　A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

　　B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife

　　C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

　　D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals

　　28.Theword"poached"（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans（）

　　A.approvedofB.attendedtoC.huntedforD.guardedagainst

　　29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

　　A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts

　　B.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated

　　C.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations

　　D.it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules。

　　30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

　　A.CEOs:

wheretoGO?

　　B.CEOs:

AlltheWayUp?

　　C.Top