份大学英语六级考试答案与解析.docx

份大学英语六级考试答案与解析.docx

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份大学英语六级考试答案与解析

12月英语六级真题答案 

　　PartIWriting

　　TheWaytoSuccess

　　AbrahamLincoln，asuccessfulleadersparklinginAmericanhistory，onceput，“Givemesixhourstochopdownatree，andIwillspendthefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe.”Simpleashisremarkis，itsubtlyencapsulatesaprofoundandenlighteningnotionthatthepathtosuccessonlyliesunderthefeetofpeoplewhoarewell-prepared.

　　Currentlyinthisprogressivelycompetitivesociety，itisanythingbutuncommonforustoseepeopledesperatelyinwantofsuccess.Takingalookaround，notonlycanweeasilyfindstudentsstayinguplatewiththeirhomework，wecanalsonoticethatamultitudeofclerksstepintothemansionintheearlymorning，thengobackhomeafterovertime.However，success，asamatteroffact，onlybelongstoafewofthem.Forinstance，thereisnoshortageofthiskindofpeople—whoparticipateinnumerousinterviewsandgetnothingbutarejectionslip，thentheystartwhiningtimeaftertime，“whyisn’tthatme?

”

　　JustasanancientChineseproverbgoes，“Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.”Accumulationofabilityandknowledgeistheprerequisiteofsuccess，andoncewearestrongandpowerfulenough，thewholeuniversewillcometoassistusinchasingourdreams.

　　Thewaytosuccess

　　Success，theoneeveryonedesires，playsanessentialroleinourdailylife，becauseitdirectlydeterminesourdailybehaviors.Inotherwords，ifthereisnodesireforsuccess，therewillbenoindividuals’developmentandevennoadvanceofoursociety.Itistheaspirationofsuccessthatpromotesourgrowthofourindividualsandsociety.Butthroughoutthewholehumanhistory，howtosucceedisalwaysthemostconcernedtopic.

　　Amongallthefactorsofsuccess，wellpreparationofknowledge，thebasicrequisitionofsuccess，shouldbeplacedonthefirstone.Withoutextensiveandintensiveknowledge，evenifthereareexterioropportunitiestosuccess，suchastheparents’assistanceorfriends’recommendation，youwillstillneversucceed，becauseyoucannotqualifythejobyouhavealreadyhad.Themorepreparationyoudoinadvance，themorelikelyyouwillgetsuccess.AsLincolnhassaid，ifIhadsixhourstochopdownatree，Iwouldspendthefirstfourhourssharpeningtheaxe.

　　Besidesthewellpreparationofknowledge，thepreparationofconfidenceandinterpersonalskillsisalsoindispensableonthewaytosuccess.

[迅速阅读]

　　Google'splanforworld'sbiggestonlinelibrary：

philanthropyoractofpiracy?

[1]     Googlehasalreadyscanned10millionbooksinitsbidtodigitisethecontentsoftheworld'smajorlibraries，butacopyrightbattlenowthreatenstheproject，withAmazonandMicrosoftjoiningauthorsandpublishersopposedtothescheme.

[2]     Inrecentyearstheworld'smostvenerablelibrarieshaveplayedhosttosomeincongruousvisitors.Industynooksandfar-flungstacks，teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenbeaveringawaytomakedigitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar，Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesinAmericaandEurope–includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexactmethoditusesisunclear；thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess. 

[3]     WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure，soseeminglyout-of-kilterwithitssnazzy，hi-techimage?

Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks，mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?

1.Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission，afterall，isto"organisetheworld'sinformation"，soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.LiketheAncientEgyptianswhoattemptedtobuildalibraryatAlexandriacontainingalltheknownworld'sscrolls，Googleexecutivestalkofconstructingauniversalonlinearchive，atreasuretroveofknowledgethatwillbefreelyavailable–oratleastfreelysearchable–forall.

[4]     Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavinglofty，utopianaspirations."Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney"isamantra."Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."AsSantiagodelaMora，headofGoogleBooksforEurope，putsit：

"2.Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday，wehopetoexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge." 

[5]     DanClancy，thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks，offersananalogywiththeinventionoftheGutenbergpress–Google'sbookproject，hesays，willhaveasimilardemocratisingeffect.Hetalksofpeopleinfar-flungpartsbeingabletoaccessknowledgeasneverbefore，ofsearchqueriesleadingthemtotheone，longout-of-printbooktheyneed.

[6]     Andhedoesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilyaphilanthropicexercise."Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind，soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"hesays."Butwehaveneverbuiltaspreadsheetoutliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis，andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders." 

[7]     Itiseasy，talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues，tobesweptalongbytheirmissionaryzeal.ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged，rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms，theseopponentshavelevelledtwosetsofcriticismsatGoogle.

[8]     First，theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.3.InarecentessayintheNewYorkReviewofBooks，RobertDarnton，theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary，arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic，not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem. 

[9]     Thesecond，relatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredinalegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakestheJarndyceandJarndycecaseinBleakHouselookstraightforward.

[10] 4.Atitscentre，however，isonesimpleissue：

thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks，towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention，isthattheyareprotectedbycopyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry，butingeneralprotectionextendsforthedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards，thusallowingtheauthor'sheirstobenefit.（InBritainandAmerica，thispost-deathperiodis70years.）Thismeans，ofcourse，thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andlastcenturysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUSlibraries，forexample，anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese，some27millionareoutofprint. 

[11] OutsidetheUS，Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"publicdomain"（workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch，whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch）.

[12] But，withintheUS，thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.5.Initsdefence，Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysnippetsofbooksthatareincopyright–arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"fairuse".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders，Googlehascommittedpiracy. 

[13] "Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonceauthorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"saysPiersBlofeld，oftheSheilLandliteraryagencyinLondon."Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtoask."

[14] 6.In，theAuthorsGuildofAmerica，togetherwithagroupofUSpublishersandpublishers，launchedaclassactionsuitagainstGooglethat，aftermorethantwoyearsofwrangling，endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarestaggeringlycomplicated–thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosummariseitisnoeasytask."Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"saysBlofeld，oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics. 

[15] Broadly，thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletoreimburseauthorsandpublisherswhoserightsithasbreached（includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks）.Inexchangeforthis，therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.

[16] ThesettlementstipulatesthatabodyknownastheBooksRightsRegistrywillrepresenttheinterestsofUScopyrightholders.AuthorsandpublisherswithacopyrightinterestinabookscannedbyGooglewhomakethemselvesknowntotheregistrywillbeentitledtoreceiveapayment–intheregionof$60perbook–ascompensation. 

[17] Additionally，thesettlementhandsGooglethepower–butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.7.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.

[18] Criticspointoutthat，bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase，thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."8.Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree，andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann，associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now，hesays，becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions，Googlecouldbecome