全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题分类汇总及详细答案.docx
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全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题分类汇总及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
CamperLunchProgram
WearepleasedtooffertheCamperLunchProgramforfull-daycampersorcampersparticipatinginbothmorningandafternoonhalf-daycamps.
LunchattheOverlakeSchool
AttheOverlakeSchoolinRedmond,youcansignupforlunchatthetimeofregistration.Lunchisprovidedbytheschoolcafeteriaincludingahotmaindishandasaladbaroption.Limiteddietrestrictionscanbeaccommodatedinadvance.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:
00pmonWednesday.
$40for5-daycampweek
$32for4-daycampweek
LunchatViewSeattle
Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian（素的）lunchmenus.Besides,camperwithallergiesorsensitivitiesareencouragedtobringtheirownlunch.
$40for5-daycampweek
$38for4-daycampweek
LunchatSt.ThomasSchool
AtSt.ThomasSchool,lunchandsnacksareprovidedbySAGEDining.Lunchincludesahotmaindish,asaladbarandsandwichoptions.Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.
$50for5-daycampweek
$45for4-daycampweek
LunchatPacificScienceCenter
AtPacificScienceCenter,youcansignupatthetimeofregistration.LunchisprovidedbyourveryownPacificScienceCenterCafe.Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:
00pmonWednesday.
$45for5-daycampweek
$36for4-daycampweek
（1）Whichprogramcanacamperwithabudgetof$35choose?
A.LunchattheOverlakeSchool.
B.LunchatViewSeattle.
C.LunchatSt.ThomasSchool.
D.LunchatPacificScienceCenter.
（2）WhatarecampersforLunchatViewSeattlerequiredtodo?
A.Stayfarawayfromanythingwithallergies.
B.Choosetheirlunchpreferencesinadvance.
C.Avoidbringingtheirownlunchforanyreason.
D.Sendemailstoofferadviceonimprovinglunch.
（3）Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?
A.TheyreceiveregistrationsonlyonWednesday.
B.Theyencouragecamperstobringsomesnacks.
C.Theyaremainlyintendedforvegetariancampers.
D.Theyprovidecamperswithtwosnackseachday.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。
（1）考查细节理解。
对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择LunchattheOverlakeSchool这个项目。
故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据LunchatViewSeattle部分中的“Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian（素的）lunchmenus.”可知，LunchatViewSeattle这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。
故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据LunchatSt.ThomasSchool部分中的“Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.”和LunchatPacificScienceCenter部分中的“Everyday，standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.”可知，两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest（re）appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlert.Wesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon（notmuch,asitturnsout）.
IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs（frequentlyaskedquestions）,itquiteclearlystates:
"ThereasonthatsomeBIC®penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."
That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers（1.2miles）ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?
Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers（4,505miles）ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens（中性笔）,androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.
ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:
"100percentofpenballsaremadethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asopposedtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppose.
（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthecaseofYellowstone?
A. Tolistthefacts.
B. Toprovehispoint.
C. Tocomparethetwosituations.
D. Toemphasizetheimportanceofsafety.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?
A. Block.
B. Open.
C. Transform.
D. Narrow.
（3）Whywerethewritingtestsonpenscarriedout?
A. Toworkouttheirlifespan.
B. Toassuretheirgoodquality.
C. Toprovesomerandomfacts.
D. Tocomparedifferentpenswitheachother.
（4）Inwhattonedoestheauthordevelopthetext?
A. Critical. B. Acid. C. Humorous. D. Serious.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。
这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。
（1）考查推理判断。
毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。
此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers（4,505miles）ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens（中性笔）,androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie."和第三段中的"That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.
Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.
Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.
"Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."
Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.
（1）Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?
A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.
B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.
C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.
D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.
（2）KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.
A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking
B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke
C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking
D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation
（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?
A.Havealowopinionofsomething.
B.Increasetheamountofsomething.
C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.
D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.
（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie
B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth
C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery
D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep
【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。
人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿
升级会员 