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专题二阅读补全
专题二阅读补全
说明文专练
题组一
A
(2019黑龙江哈三中二模)
AFewActiveListeningGuidelines
Listeningisarguablythemostimportantelementofinterpersonalcommunication.Ourabilitytolistenwellimpactsthequalityofallofourrelationships,andnotjustathomewithourfamilyandfriends—itcanalsoaffectourrelationshipsandinteractionsonthejob,aswellastheeffectivenessandqualityofourwork.
1Instead,itisaskillthatmustbecultivatedandpracticed.Activelisteningmeansthedifferencebetweensimplyhearingandlisteningwiththeintenttotrulyunderstand.Itisasubtlebutimportantdistinction.
1.Givefocusedattention.
Trytominimizeexternal(外部的)distractions.Turndownthenoise,andputdownorstepawayfromwhatyou’redoingifpossible. 2 Don’twatchtheclock,fidget(坐立不安)orgooveryourtodolistforlater.
2. 3
Directeyecontactshowsyourattentionandintentiontolisten.Thisdoesn’tmeanstarethough.Bereasonable,buttrynottoletyoureyeswandertowhateverisgoingonaroundyou.
3.Reflectback.
Restate,butdon’trepeatwordforword.Paraphrasewhatyouthinktheotherpartyissayingwithresponsessuchas:
“WhatI’mhearingis...”or“LetmeseeifI’mfollowingyou...” 4
4.Respondappropriately.
Beopenandhonestinyourresponses.Shareyourthoughts,insightsandfeelingsinaclear,butrespectfulandconsideratemannerevenifyoudisagree.
Activelisteningisamodelforgoodcommunication. 5 Ittakespracticetodevelopactivelisteningskills,andit’sahabitthathastobereinforced(加强).Remindyourselfthatthegoalofconversationisnotmerelytotradewords,buttotrulyunderstandwhattheotherpartyissayingandtobeunderstoodinturn.
A.Maintaineyecontact.
B.Instead,focusonwhatisbeingsaid.
C.Youdonothavetoagreeoneverything.
D.Also,setasideotherinternalthinkinganddialogue.
E.Listeningisnotsomethingthatcomesnaturallyoreasilyformostofus.
F.Reflectingwhatyou’veheardsignalsthatyou’reattemptingtounderstandfully.
G.Rememberthatlisteningisnotjusttogatherinformationandshareideas,butalsotogainperspectiveandunderstanding.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文,介绍了几种积极倾听的方法。
1.E过渡句。
上一段讲了积极倾听的作用,下一句讲到它需要被培养、被练习。
E选项意为“对于我们大多数人来说,倾听不是自然而然得到的,也不是容易的事”,此处作为过渡句,承上启下。
2.D细节句。
该段第一句意为“要尽量使外部干扰最小化”,后面的句子列举排除干扰的措施。
D选项中的Also承接上文,都是排除干扰的具体做法。
3.A主旨句。
该空为标题句,概括下段主旨大意。
A项意为“保持眼神接触”,下面具体讲述眼神接触的作用和如何做到眼神接触。
4.F归纳句。
该空前文讲述怎样反馈自己所听到的,该空位于该段最后,起到总结前文的作用,F项意为“反馈你所听到的表示你一直在尽力充分理解”。
5.G细节句。
上句意为“积极倾听是好的交流的典范”。
G项意为“记住倾听不仅仅是收集信息和分享想法,而且也是为了获得正确的认识和理解”,表明倾听有助于交流。
B
(2019山西二模)
Mostpeoplewillagreethatitisgoodtoread,butnotallreadingisequal.Herearesometipsforproductivereading.
1.Takenotes.
Evenifyouneverrefertoyournotesagain,theprocessoftakingnoteshelpsyousortoutsomethingimportantandwillhelpyourememberit.Youcanchooseeithercomputersorpaperforyournotes. 1 Ontheotherhand,manypeoplefeeltheyrecallinformationbetterwhentheywriteitbyhand.
2. 2
Ifyouarelikeme,onceyoucommittoreadingabook,itisveryhardtogiveupuntilyou’vefinishedit.Giventhenumberofbooksthatareavailableandourlimitedlife,itjustdoesn’tmakesensetoreadabookthatyouaren’tgettinganythingfrom.
3.Varietyisgood.
Whileyoudon’twanttogiveupabookthatyouarebenefitingfrom,itisimportanttogiveyourselfvariety.Youcanpickupabookatrandomorintentionallylookingforsomethingdifferentfromwhatyounormallyread. 3
4.Reviewwhatyou’veread.
Ifyouwanttorememberwhatyouread,takethetimetoreview.4Whenyoufinishabook,spend15minutesexaminingyournotesin2to4days.Then2to4weeksafterthatandthen2to 4 monthsafterthat.Thiswillstrengthentheknowledgeinyourmind.
5.Discusswhatyoureadwithothers.
5 Ifyoucantalkwithpeopleinperson,thatisideal,butdon’toverlookthepoweroftheInternetinconnectingpeoplewithsimilarinterestsbutdifferentgeography.
A.Don’tbeafraidtogiveup.
B.Makefulluseofreadingtime.
C.It’shardtogetmoreoutofyournormalreading.
D.Thiscanbeveryvaluableingivingyouadifferentopinion.
E.Andyou’dbettergooverthingsateverincreasingtimeintervals.
F.Usingcomputerswillmakeiteasytofindyournoteslater.
G.Thebestwaytogetmorefromyourreadingistodiscussitwithothers.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文,介绍了五条适于有效阅读的建议。
1.F本句为过渡句。
上句提出,你可以选择用电脑或纸记笔记。
下句指出,另一方面,许多人认为当他们用手书写时能更好地回忆起信息。
F项意为“使用电脑会使你之后容易找到你的笔记”,能很好地衔接上下文,故F项正确。
2.A本句为主题句。
阅读本段可知,如果你像我一样,一旦你投入读一本书就很难放弃直到你读完它。
考虑到可读的书的数量和我们有限的生命,读一本你从中没有任何收获的书恰恰是没有意义的。
A项符合本段主旨,意为“不要害怕放弃”,故A项正确。
3.D本句为总结句。
上句指出,你可以任意或有目的地挑选一本书,寻找不同于你平常读的东西。
D项意为“这种做法在给你不同的观点方面是很有价值的”,故D项正确。
4.E本句为细节句。
上句指出,如果你想记住你所读的,就花时间去复习。
E项意为“然后你最好在任何不断增加的时间间隔期间复习东西”,故E项正确。
5.G本句为主题句。
本段的主题为“和其他人讨论你所读的”。
G项意为“最好的从阅读中获得更多的方式是和别人讨论”,故G项正确。
C
(2019安徽合肥第二次质检)
What’sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?
Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully. 1 Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.
Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬虫类的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,to“lookgood”.Let’sjustfaceit. 2 Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.
Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset. 3
Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings. 4 Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeningatthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat’sactuallyhappening,andyoucannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat’shappening.
5 Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI’mbothered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”
A.Practicepositiveselftalk.
B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.
C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.
D.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.
E.Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.
F.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabitforming.
G.Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainsandannoyances.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文,主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1.G根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewill...hardtimes.”可知,成功地培养耐心需要花费精力,因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力,因此当更大的麻烦来临时,我们将已经有耐心应对困难时期。
故G项符合语境。
2.F根据空后的“Sothefirststep...blameandshame.”可推知,保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动是完全成习惯的,因此要做的就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。
故选F。
3.B根据空前一句“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.”可知,问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面,而是出现在我们的思考方式上,因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。
故选B。
4.E根据空前一句“Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeit...painfulfeelings.”及空后的“getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeningatthemomentinsideyou”可知,我们经常忽略了这样一个事实,即我们处于痛苦之中,而我们关注的焦点总是完全集中在解决问题上。
5.A根据文章结构和设空处所在位置可知,设空处为段落主题句。
通读本段可知,本段主要是说要练习积极的自我暗示,故A项符合语境。
题组二
A
(2019云南昆明调研)
Howtobeagoodlistenertoyourfamily
Communicationisimportanttostrongfamilyrelationships. 1 Workingonyourlisteningskillscanhelpyoucommunicatebetterandformstrongerbonds.
Listenactively.Whenlisteningtoafamilymember,donotletyourmindwandertootherthings.It’simportanttomakeyourfamilymembersfeelheardandvalued.Putyourphoneawayandgivethemyourfullattention.Neverthinkaboutotherthingswhensomeoneistalking. 2
Repeatwhathasbeensaid.Brieflysummarizingwhatthespeakerhassaidcangoalongwaytowardeffectivecommunication.Everyonewantstofeelvaluedandheard,sorepeatingafamilymember’spointcanshowyouarelistening. 3 Itcanreallyallowyouandyourfamilytocommunicatebetteraswell.
4 Interruptingcanputbreaksoneffectiveconversation.Alwaysallowafewsecondsofsilenceaftersomeonefinishestalkingbeforeofferingyourresponse.Thisallowsyoutomakesurethespeakerhasfinishedtalking.Donottalkoversomeoneeither.Nomatterhowcuriousyoufeelaboutasubject,donotstarttalkinguntiltheotherpersonhasfinished.
Avoidhurryingthespeaker. 5 Donotbreakinbeforethespeakerisfinishedjusttohurrythespeakeralong.Neversaythingslike,“Canyougettothepoint?
”Thiswillmakeitseemlikeyou’renotinterestedintheconversation.
A.Donotinterrupt.
B.Neverrushthepersonintotalking.
C.Instead,focusonwhat’sbeingsaid.
D.Peopletendtopausewhentheyspeak.
E.Itcanhelpyoumakesureyouunderstandthespeaker.
F.Whensomeonefinishestalking,askquestionsifnecessary.
G.However,ifyoudon’ttrulylistentoothers,itcanbedifficulttocommunicate.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。
学习倾听技巧可以帮助你与家人更好地交流,并建立更强的家庭纽带。
本文教你如何成为家里的好听众。
1.G根据设空处前的“沟通对于牢固的家庭关系很重要。
”和设空处后的“提高你的倾听技巧可以帮助你更好地交流,建立更牢固的关系。
”可知,本段主要介绍交流和聆听的关系,G项点明了两者之间的内在联系,故选G项。
2.C设空处前有“当有人说话的时候,不要去想其他的事情。
”的禁令性提示,因此设空处需要点明正确的做法。
C项中的Instead意为“相反”,表示转折,与前文