汉默拉比法典The Code of Hammurabi.docx

汉默拉比法典The Code of Hammurabi.docx

《汉默拉比法典The Code of Hammurabi.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汉默拉比法典The Code of Hammurabi.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

汉默拉比法典TheCodeofHammurabi

汉谟拉比法典

TheCodeofHammurabi

TranslatedbyL.W.King

WhenAnutheSublime,KingoftheAnunaki,andBel,thelordofHeavenandearth,whodecreedthefateoftheland,assignedtoMarduk,theover-rulingsonofEa,Godofrighteousness,dominionoverearthlyman,andmadehimgreatamongtheIgigi,theycalledBabylonbyhisillustriousname,madeitgreatonearth,andfoundedaneverlastingkingdominit,whosefoundationsarelaidsosolidlyasthoseofheavenandearth;thenAnuandBelcalledbynameme,Hammurabi,theexaltedprince,whofearedGod,tobringabouttheruleofrighteousnessintheland,todestroythewickedandtheevil-doers;sothatthestrongshouldnotharmtheweak;sothatIshouldruleovertheblack-headedpeoplelikeShamash,andenlightentheland,tofurtherthewell-beingofmankind.

Hammurabi,theprince,calledofBelamI,makingrichesandincrease,enrichingNippurandDur-ilubeyondcompare,sublimepatronofE-kur;whoreestablishedEriduandpurifiedtheworshipofE-apsu;whoconqueredthefourquartersoftheworld,madegreatthenameofBabylon,rejoicedtheheartofMarduk,hislordwhodailypayshisdevotionsinSaggil;theroyalscionwhomSinmade;whoenrichedUr;thehumble,thereverent,whobringswealthtoGish-shir-gal;thewhiteking,heardofShamash,themighty,whoagainlaidthefoundationsofSippara;whoclothedthegravestonesofMalkatwithgreen;whomadeE-babbargreat,whichisliketheheavens,thewarriorwhoguardedLarsaandrenewedE-babbar,withShamashashishelper;thelordwhograntednewlifetoUruk,whobroughtplenteouswatertoitsinhabitants,raisedtheheadofE-anna,andperfectedthebeautyofAnuandNana;shieldoftheland,whoreunitedthescatteredinhabitantsofIsin;whorichlyendowedE-gal-mach;theprotectingkingofthecity,brotherofthegodZamama;whofirmlyfoundedthefarmsofKish,crownedE-me-te-ursagwithglory,redoubledthegreatholytreasuresofNana,managedthetempleofHarsag-kalama;thegraveoftheenemy,whosehelpbroughtaboutthevictory;whoincreasedthepowerofCuthah;madeallgloriousinE-shidlam,theblacksteer,whogoredtheenemy;belovedofthegodNebo,whorejoicedtheinhabitantsofBorsippa,theSublime;whoisindefatigableforE-zida;thedivinekingofthecity;theWhite,Wise;whobroadenedthefieldsofDilbat,whoheapeduptheharvestsforUrash;theMighty,thelordtowhomcomescepterandcrown,withwhichheclotheshimself;theElectofMa-ma;whofixedthetempleboundsofKesh,whomaderichtheholyfeastsofNin-tu;theprovident,solicitous,whoprovidedfoodanddrinkforLagashandGirsu,whoprovidedlargesacrificialofferingsforthetempleofNingirsu;whocapturedtheenemy,theElectoftheoraclewhofulfilledthepredictionofHallab,whorejoicedtheheartofAnunit;thepureprince,whoseprayerisacceptedbyAdad;whosatisfiedtheheartofAdad,thewarrior,inKarkar,whorestoredthevesselsforworshipinE-ud-gal-gal;thekingwhograntedlifetothecityofAdab;theguideofE-mach;theprincelykingofthecity,theirresistiblewarrior,whograntedlifetotheinhabitantsofMashkanshabri,andbroughtabundancetothetempleofShidlam;theWhite,Potent,whopenetratedthesecretcaveofthebandits,savedtheinhabitantsofMalkafrommisfortune,andfixedtheirhomefastinwealth;whoestablishedpuresacrificialgiftsforEaandDam-gal-nun-na,whomadehiskingdomeverlastinglygreat;theprincelykingofthecity,whosubjectedthedistrictsontheUd-kib-nun-naCanaltotheswayofDagon,hisCreator;whosparedtheinhabitantsofMeraandTutul;thesublimeprince,whomakesthefaceofNinnishine;whopresentsholymealstothedivinityofNin-a-zu,whocaredforitsinhabitantsintheirneed,providedaportionfortheminBabyloninpeace;theshepherdoftheoppressedandoftheslaves;whosedeedsfindfavorbeforeAnunit,whoprovidedforAnunitinthetempleofDumashinthesuburbofAgade;whorecognizestheright,whorulesbylaw;whogavebacktothecityofAshuritsprotectinggod;wholetthenameofIshtarofNinevehremaininE-mish-mish;theSublime,whohumbleshimselfbeforethegreatgods;successorofSumula-il;themightysonofSin-muballit;theroyalscionofEternity;themightymonarch,thesunofBabylon,whoseraysshedlightoverthelandofSumerandAkkad;theking,obeyedbythefourquartersoftheworld;BelovedofNinni,amI.

WhenMarduksentmetoruleovermen,togivetheprotectionofrighttotheland,Ididrightandrighteousnessin...,andbroughtaboutthewell-beingoftheoppressed.

TheCodeofHammurabi

CODEOFLAWS

1.Ifanyoneensnareanother,puttingabanuponhim,buthecannotproveit,thenhethatensnaredhimshallbeputtodeath.

2.Ifanyonebringanaccusationagainstaman,andtheaccusedgototheriverandleapintotheriver,ifhesinkintheriverhisaccusershalltakepossessionofhishouse.Butiftheriverprovethattheaccusedisnotguilty,andheescapeunhurt,thenhewhohadbroughttheaccusationshallbeputtodeath,whilehewholeapedintotherivershalltakepossessionofthehousethathadbelongedtohisaccuser.

3.Ifanyonebringanaccusationofanycrimebeforetheelders,anddoesnotprovewhathehascharged,heshall,ifitbeacapitaloffensecharged,beputtodeath.

4.Ifhesatisfytheelderstoimposeafineofgrainormoney,heshallreceivethefinethattheactionproduces.

5.Ifajudgetryacase,reachadecision,andpresenthisjudgmentinwriting;iflatererrorshallappearinhisdecision,anditbethroughhisownfault,thenheshallpaytwelvetimesthefinesetbyhiminthecase,andheshallbepubliclyremovedfromthejudge'sbench,andneveragainshallhesittheretorenderjudgement.

6.Ifanyonestealthepropertyofatempleorofthecourt,heshallbeputtodeath,andalsotheonewhoreceivesthestolenthingfromhimshallbeputtodeath.

7.Ifanyonebuyfromthesonortheslaveofanotherman,withoutwitnessesoracontract,silverorgold,amaleorfemaleslave,anoxorasheep,anassoranything,orifhetakeitincharge,heisconsideredathiefandshallbeputtodeath.

8.Ifanyonestealcattleorsheep,oranass,orapigoragoat,ifitbelongtoagodortothecourt,thethiefshallpaythirtyfoldtherefor;iftheybelongedtoafreedmanofthekingheshallpaytenfold;ifthethiefhasnothingwithwhichtopayheshallbeputtodeath.

9.Ifanyoneloseanarticle,andfinditinthepossessionofanother:

ifthepersoninwhosepossessionthethingisfoundsay"Amerchantsoldittome,Ipaidforitbeforewitnesses,"andiftheownerofthethingsay,"Iwillbringwitnesseswhoknowmyproperty,"thenshallthepurchaserbringthemerchantwhosoldittohim,andthewitnessesbeforewhomheboughtit,andtheownershallbringwitnesseswhocanidentifyhisproperty.Thejudgeshallexaminetheirtestimony--bothofthewitnessesbeforewhomthepricewaspaid,andofthewitnesseswhoidentifythelostarticleonoath.Themerchantisthenprovedtobeathiefandshallbeputtodeath.Theownerofthelostarticlereceiveshisproperty,andhewhoboughtitreceivesthemoneyhepaidfromtheestateofthemerchant.

10.Ifthepurchaserdoesnotbringthemerchantandthewitnessesbeforewhomheboughtthearticle,butitsownerbringwitnesseswhoidentifyit,thenthebuyeristhethiefandshallbeputtodeath,andtheownerreceivesthelostarticle.

11.Iftheownerdonotbringwitnessestoidentifythelostarticle,heisanevil-doer,hehastraduced,andshallbeputtodeath.

12.Ifthewitnessesbenotathand,thenshallthejudgesetalimit,attheexpirationofsixmonths.Ifhiswitnesseshavenotappearedwithinthesixmonths,heisanevil-doer,andshallbearthefineofthependingcase.

14.Ifanyonestealtheminorsonofanother,heshallbeputtodeath.

15.Ifanyonetakeamaleorfemaleslaveofthecourt,oramaleorfemaleslaveofafreedman,outsidethecitygates,heshallbeputtodeath.

16.Ifanyonereceiveintohishousearunawaymaleorfemaleslaveofthecourt,orofafreedman,anddoesnotbringitoutatthepublicproclamationofthemajordomus,themasterofthehouseshallbeputtodeath.

17.Ifanyonefindrunawaymaleorfemaleslavesintheopencountryandbringthemtotheirmasters,themasteroftheslavesshallpayhimtwoshekelsofsilver.

18.Iftheslavewillnotgivethenameofthemaster,thefindershallbringhimtothepalace;afurtherinvestigationmustfollow,andtheslaveshallbereturnedtohismaster.

19.Ifheholdtheslavesinhishouse,andtheyarecaughtthere,heshallbeputtodeath.

20.Iftheslavethathecaughtrunawayfromhim,thenshallhesweartotheownersoftheslave,andheisfreeofallblame.

21.Ifanyonebreakaholeintoahouse（breakintosteal）,heshallbeputtodeathbeforethatholeandbeburied.

22.Ifanyoneiscommittingarobberyandiscaught,thenheshallbeputtodeath.

23.Iftherobberisnotcaught,thenshallhewhowasrobbedclaimunderoaththeamountofhisloss;thenshallthecommunity,and...onwhosegroundandterritoryandinwhosedomainitwascompensatehimforthegoodsstolen.

24.Ifpersonsarestolen,thenshallthecommunityand...payoneminaofsilvertotheirrelatives.

25.Iffirebreakoutinahouse,andsomeonewhocomestoputitoutcasthiseyeuponthepropertyoftheownerofthehouse,andtakethepropertyofthemasterofthehouse,heshallbethrownintothatself-samefire.

26.Ifachieftainoraman（commonsoldier）,whohasbeenorderedtogoupontheking'shighwayfor