高考英语阅读理解10大题型高分密码学生用.docx
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高考英语阅读理解10大题型高分密码学生用
2021高考英语阅读矩阵法则问鼎满分体系
阅读10大题型高分密码教案
在复杂的高考英语阅读问题中,往往存在许多成对的质量因素.将这些成对因素找出来,分别排列成行和列,其交点就是其相互关联的程度,在此基础上再找出存在的问题及问题的形态,从而找到解决问题的思路,联通,移动并形成网通脉络。
主旨题
与文章中心句或中心词倾向做题的类型还有:
1.作者对文章主题的观点或看法
2.不对应文章细节题(或选项)
3.全文第一题
4.例子题
5.推断题
6.包含文章主题词的题目
写作目的题
例子题
文章取材题
文章结构题
推论题
指代题
作者态度题
词汇题
细节题(考题占高考阅读部分的60-70%)
名师题型Tactics
(一):
主旨题
方法一:
找中心句
文章核对位置:
全文首段首、末句(一段末出现转折);第二段第一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定);尾段首末句。
1.举例子的句子不是主题句,注意前句;主旨句在首段问句的回答句上!
问句不是主题句,注意问后句!
2.首段转折提示文章主题;表转折和因果处:
but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。
包含主次之分的表达(notA,butB.AratherthanB等);时间提示主题(recently,today,now等);尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方!
3.定义型的句子(becalledas,beknownas,is,are等);
4.强调型的句子(surprisingly,ofcourse,only等);
5.总结型的句子(researchindicates,studysuggests/shows等)。
Therebe后接抽象名词!
I,We,My,our;及Itshows/suggests/turnsout/proves…等表示结论意思的动词,在如:
findout,find,discover,researchwasprovedthat…,hisstudyistoldthat…。
从句看主句,短语看名词,将定语去掉,再对比.文章写的一定是积极向上的!
定从、状从看主句.
方法二:
找中心词
1.首先看首尾段,看反复出现了哪个名词或名词词组?
各段首尾句相加,其中共有词汇为主题词,必须出现在正确答案中。
一般为名词或名词词组;出现频率较高!
2.发现两个都是中心词,就选择出现频率高的,范围大的!
3.theAmazonrainforest,重点是名词rainforest而不是前面的定语名词Amazon!
4.有两个或三个选项都含有中心词,而文章却没有中心句做验证点,则可通过答案特征来解决!
前后矛盾通常是出题者概括主旨答案的有效手段。
5.中心句或中心词找主旨,可能遇到哪些问题?
方法三:
另外解决方案
总分关系看首段首尾句或与文章标题题目内容倾向;分总关系看尾段首尾句或与文章标题题目内容倾向!
备选项中,两个或三个同类项有一个是答案!
Function等高频率答案词!
(写作目的题答题技巧中有延伸)
方法一:
找中心句
文章核对位置:
全文首段首、末句(一段末出现转折);第二段第一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定);尾段首末句。
1.举例子的句子不是主题句,注意前句;主旨句在首段问句的回答句上!
问句不是主题句,注意问后句!
2.表转折和因果处:
but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。
包含主次之分的表达(notA,butB.AratherthanB等);时间提示主题(recently,today,now等);尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方!
3.定义型的句子(becalledas,beknownas,is,are等);
4.强调型的句子(surprisingly,ofcourse,only等);
5.总结型的句子(researchindicates,studysuggests/shows等)。
Therebe后接抽象名词!
I,We,My,our;及Itshows/suggests/turnsout/proves…等表示结论意思的动词,在如:
findout,find,discover,researchwasprovedthat…,hisstudyistoldthat…。
从句看主句,短语看名词,将定语去掉,再对比.文章写的一定是积极向上的!
定从、状从看主句.
〖2014天津卷B篇〗……ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.
“It’sreallyfun”,saidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor,buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning..
Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinksheistryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.”
45.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?
A.Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.
B.CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse
C.BookstoreownersdonotsupporttheLongPen
D.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost
表转折和因果处:
but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。
包含主次之分的表达(notA,butB.AratherthanB等);时间提示主题(recently,today,now等);尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方!
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〖2015湖南卷〗Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:
AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,"No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme."
Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.
AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.
Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:
dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:
eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructureslikeTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?
That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.
65.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______.
A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircauses
C.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements
〖2015浙江卷〗Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:
We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.
Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences一calledlightpollution一whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.III-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels一andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectorlifeisaffected.
Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnigh,-darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.
We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherformthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing,Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.
Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjointincludingmostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.
Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxyarchingoverhead.
54.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheMagiclight.B.TheOrangeHaze.
C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.
两个高频中心词时,选择范围大的,看因果关系,选答案是“果”的选项。
因为有了灯,夜才消失的,所以C是结果。
中心句中night也离yet最近,答案:
。
〖2015广东卷〗ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.
Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakthe'declineofclass'and'classlesssociety'inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.
Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingsocietyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.
OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeakstellherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduring1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice,Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded'educated'and'soft'.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional(地区的)cityaccents.Theseaccentswereseenas'common'and'ugl