英国文学第二册背诵重难点.docx

英国文学第二册背诵重难点.docx

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英国文学第二册背诵重难点

TheRomanticPeriod（1798--1832）

Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.

Romanticism:

Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.（人应该是独立自由的个体）

Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.

TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten（realistic）andWalterScott（romantic）.

“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.

WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey

1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

TheLakePoets）

①抒情歌谣集（withSamuelTaylorColeridge）

②

Theme:

1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”

2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.

Comment:

Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils（水仙）andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.

③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女

②序曲

2. SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834

    TheLakePoets

①古舟子颂

②柯里斯塔贝尔

③忽必烈汗

Artisticfeatures:

mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory

④半夜冰霜

⑤忧郁颂

⑥抒情歌谣集（withWilliamWordsworth）

3. GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824

（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。

内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。

恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。

）

“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.

唐•璜

恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记

该隐

当初我们俩分别

4. PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822

PoeticDrama：

解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme:

thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression

麦布女王

伊斯兰的反叛

钦契一家

诗辩

无神论的必要性

③Lyrics:

西风颂

Theme:

Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife（whichwouldendatdeath）butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.

Comment:

PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.

Artisticfeatures:

Usingrerzarima（三行诗ababcbcdcdedefe…）

致云雀  

5. JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821

（“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。

）

Fourgreatodes:

希腊古瓮颂

夜莺颂

心灵颂

忧郁颂

秋颂

Theme:

ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.

Comment:

Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.

6. JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817

Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.

理智与感情

傲慢与偏见（chapterI）

【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved

【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood

【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.

【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters

曼斯菲尔德庄园

爱玛

诺桑觉寺

劝导

7.WalterScott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832

（历史小说之父”）Fatherofhistorynovels

罗伯•罗伊

艾凡赫

TheVictorianPeriod（1832-1900）

Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.

1. CharlesDickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870

（批判现实主义小说家）criticalrealistwriter

①匹克威克外传

②奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）

③老古玩店

④ 圣诞颂歌

⑤董贝父子

⑥ 大卫•科波菲尔

⑦荒凉山庄

艰难时世

⑧双城记（London&Paris）

⑨远大前程

⑩我们共同的朋友 

是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。

他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。

2.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863

①oraNovelwithoutaHero名利场（thenameisanexcerptfrombyJohnBunyan）

②

3.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855

①简•爱

JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.

Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodSchool

ItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgovernessheoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.

②雪莉

③教师  

4. EmilyBronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854

①呼啸山庄

Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.

【TheEarnshawFamily】Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff

【TheLintonFamily】Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella

②

5.GeorgeEliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880

①弗洛斯河上的磨坊

②亚当•比德

③织工马南

④ 米德尔马契

6.AlfredTennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892

（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）

PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）

①悼念

Tomemorializehisfriend

②

③国王叙事诗

7. RobertBrowning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889 

①我已故的公爵夫人

②海外乡思

ElizabethBarrettBrowing:

①葡萄牙十四行诗

8.RobertLouisStevenson

①金银岛

9.ThomasHardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928

（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。

Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）

Novels

①德伯家的苔丝

Theme:

experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration

②无名的裘德

③绿荫下

④ 远离尘嚣

⑤卡斯特桥市长

⑥ 还乡

  Poems

WessexPoemsAndOtherVerses

PoemsOfThePastAndPresent

TheDynasts列国

1.EnglishRomanticism英国浪漫主义

aliterarymovementthataimedatfreeexpressionofthewriter’sideasandfeelingsandflourishedintheearly19thcenturyEngland.AgreatrepresentativeofthismovementisPercyByssheShelley,theauthorof“OdetotheWestWind”.

2.lakepoets湖畔诗人

thethreeromanticpoetswholivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandandwrotepoemsaboutnature.WilliamWordsworthwasthemostfamousofthelakepoets;hewrotemanygreatnaturepoems,including“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”.

3.poetlaureate桂冠诗人

Apoethonoredforhisartisticachievementorselectedasmostrepresentativeofhiscountryorera;inEngland,acourtofficialappointedbythesovereign,whoseoriginaldutiesincludedthecompositionofodesinhonorofthesovereign’sbirthdayandincelebrationofstateoccasionsofimportance.WilliamWordsworthbecamepoetlaureatein1843.

TheRomanticPeriod

Romanticismasaliterarymovement/trendprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiodof1798-1832,beginningwiththepublicationofWilliamWordsworth’sLyricalBallads（1798）incollaborationwithS.T.Coleridge,endingwithWalterScott’sdeath（1832）.

TheAgeofWordsworthwasdecidedlyanageofpoetry.

ThegloryoftheageisinthepoetryofScott,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Moore,andSouthey.

Scott’sproseworkshaveattainedaverywidereading.

ThenovelsofJaneAustenhaveslowlywonasecureplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.

Thenovelwasalreadybeginningtoestablishitselfasthefavoriteliteraryformofthe19thcentury.

Thedramawastheonlygreatliteraryformthatwasnotadequatelyrepresented.

II.1.Anexpressionoffeelingsofindividuals

“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulemotion”

2.Theemphasisonspontaneity

A.freefromrules

B.artisticindependence

C.theimpulseofIndividualism

3.Interestinnature

Alivingnatureistheprimarypoeticsubject.

4.Theglorificationofcommonplace

Subject:

simplerusticlife;outcasts;peasants,etc

III.Greatwritersinthisperiod

WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）

Englishpoet,whowasamostaccomplishmentandinfluentialpoetonthesucceedingEnglishpoet.

SomeofWordsworth’sprincipalpoems