定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx

上传人:b****7 文档编号:8818112 上传时间:2023-02-01 格式:DOCX 页数:14 大小:47.37KB
下载 相关 举报
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共14页
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共14页
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共14页
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共14页
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共14页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx

《定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题

一、定语:

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

汉语中常用“…的”表示。

定语主要由形容词担任,此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词也可以做定语。

abeautifulcity;abagfullOfmoney.注意:

汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,

若是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,

thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred;theboyfromAmeriCa

OUrmonitorisalwaysthefirstStUdenttoentertheCIaSSroom.

fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aSWimmingpool

Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.

二:

定义及相关术语

1.定语从句:

修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2.先行词:

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3.关系词:

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系

代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系畐H词有When,where,why.

1.1haveanapple.Anappleisred.

Ihaveanapplethat/WhiChisred.

先行词关系代词

2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.

IIikefriendsWhOIikesports.

先行词关系代词

3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.

Ilikemusicthat/WhiChisquiet.

先行词关系代词

关系词通常有下列三个作用:

A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;

C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

(1)关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语。

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

ThosewhoWanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.

YeSterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.

ThatistheteacherwhoteachesUSphysics.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。

Mr.LiUisthePerSon(WhOm)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

LiMingisjusttheboy(WhOm)IWanttosee.

ThePrOfeSSOr(WhOm)youareWaitingforhascome.

Thegirl(WhOm)theteacheroftenPraiSeSisourmonitor.

注意:

关系代词WhOm在口语或非正式文体中常可用WhO来代替,也可省

略。

Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.

3.WhiCh指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。

FootballisagameWhiChislikedbymostboys.

HelikestoreadbooksWhiChareWrittenbyforeignwriters.

ThehouseWhiChisbythelakelooksnice.

ThiSisthePen(WhiCh)heboughtyesterday.

Thefilm(WhiCh)theyWenttoSeelastnightWaSnotinterestingatall.。

4.That既可指人,也可指物。

在定语从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。

Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometoViSitthisCityeachyearreachesonemillion.

Whereisthemanthat/whomISaWthismorning?

ThePerSonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisVerykind.

TheSeaSonthat/WhiChcomesafterSPringissummer.

YeSterdayIreceivedaIetterthat/WhiChCamefromAustralia.

5.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。

IViSitedaSCientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

注意:

指物时,常用下列结构来代替:

TheClaSSrOOmwhosedoorisbrokenWiIlSOOnberepaired.

TheCIaSSroomthedoorofWhiChisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

DoyoulikethebookthecoverofWhiChisyellow?

(二)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(SOmething除夕卜),all,none,

few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。

如:

HaVeyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

ThereSeemStobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

AllthatCanbedonehasbeendone.。

ThereislittlethatICandoforyou.

HeStayedintheIibraryandlookedUPanyinformationthattheyneeded.

注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,女口:

Anymanthat/whohasaSenSeofdutywon'tdoSUChathing.

Allthegueststhat/whoWereinVitedtoherWeddingWereimportantpeople.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。

女口:

ThefirstplacethattheyViSitedinLondonWaStheBigBen.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

女口:

ThiSisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverSeen.

4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。

如:

ThiSistheVerydictionarythatIWanttobuy.

Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldCaristheOnlythingthatheowns.

注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。

女口:

WangHuaistheOnIyPerSOninOurschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.

5.当先行词前面有who,WhiCh等疑问代词时。

女口:

WhoisthemanthatisStandingbythegate?

WhiChistheT-Shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.当先行词为人与物时。

女口:

TheytalkedaboutthePerSOnSandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.

(3)关系副词引导的定语从句

1.When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

当先行词是表时间的名词,比如time,day,week,month,year等;且定语从句中缺少时间状语时用When.若先行词是表时间的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/WhiCh引导。

IstillrememberthedayWhenIfirstCametothisschool.

ThetimeWhenWegottogetherfinallyarrived.

DoyouremembertheyearsWhenhelivedinthecountrysideWithhis

grandparents?

Doyourememberthedays(that/WhiCh)WeSPenttogetherlastyear?

IwillneverforgetthedaysWhenWeSPentourholidaystogether.

IWillneverforgetthedaysthat/WhiChWeSPenttogether.

2.Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

若先行词是表地点的名词,比如park,city,farm,place等;且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.若先行词是表地点的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/WhiCh引导。

ShanghaiistheCityWhereIWaSborn.上海是我出生的城市。

ThehouseWhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

IViSitedthefarmWherealotofcowsWereraised.

ShanghaiistheCity(WhiCh/that)IWanttovisit.

IknowaplaceWhereWeCanhaveaPiCnic.

IknowaplaceWhiCh/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalSCenery.

3.Why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语。

若先行词是reason;且定语从句中缺少原因状语时,用Why引导。

若先行词是reason,定语从句中缺主语或宾语,用WhiCh/that引导。

PIeaSetellmethereasonWhyyoumissedtheplane.

Idon'bknthereasonWhyhelooksUnhappytoday.

Ididn'tbelievethereason(that/WhiCh)heexplainedtome

注意:

关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

来表示。

如:

FromtheyearsWhen/inWhiChheWaSgoingtoPrimaryschoolinthe

COUntryhehadknownWhatheWantedtobeWhenhegrewup.

GreatChangesaretakingplaceintheCityWhere/inWhiChtheylive.

ThereasonWhy/forWhiChherefusedtheinVitationisquiteclear.

(四)介词+关系代词WhiCh/whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由介词+关系代词”引出。

TheSChOOl(WhiCh/that)heOnCeStudiedinisVeryfamous.

TheschoolinWhiChheOnCeStUdiedisVeryfamous.

TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine(WhiCh/that)youaskedfor.

TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazinforWhiChyouasked.

ThiSistheboy(whom/who/that)IPIayedtennisWithyesterday.

ThiSistheboyWithwhomIPIayedtennisWithyesterday.

We'llgotohearthefamousSinger(whom/who/that)Wehaveoftentalkedabout.

We'llgotohearthefamousSingeraboutwhomWehaveoftentalked.

ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinPaySmuchattentionto

improVingourworkingconditions.

ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkPaySmuchattentionto

improVingourworkingconditions.

注意:

1.含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

女口:

lookfor,lookafter,takeCareof等。

ThiSistheWatCh(WhiCh/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)

ThiSistheWatChforWhiChIamlooking.(误)

Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareVeryhealthy.

(正)

(误)

ThebabiesafterWhOmthenurseisIOOkingareVeryhealthy.

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时,只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用WhiCh,不可用that。

ThemanWithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(正)

ThemanWiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(误)

TheplaneinWhiChWeflewtoCanadaWaSreallycomfortable.(正)

TheplaneinthatWeflewtoCanadaWaSreallycomfortable.(误)

3.介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。

如:

HeloveshisParentsdeeply,bothofwhomareVerykindtohim.

Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofWhiChhavegonebad.

TherearefortyStUdentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

UPtonow,hehasWrittentenstories,threeofWhiChareaboutCOUntrylife.

注意事项:

如何判断关系代词和关系副词

方法一:

用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词+关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。

例女口:

ThiSisthemountainvillageWhereIStayedlastyear.

I'llneverforgetthedaysWhenIWOrkedtogetherWithyou.

判断改错(注:

先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。

(错)ThiSisthemountainVilIageWhereIViSitedIaStyear.

(错)IwillneverforgetthedaysWhenISPentintheCOuntryside.

(对)ThiSisthemountainvillage(WhiCh)IViSitedlastyear.

(对)∏lneverforgetthedays(WhiCh)ISPentinthecountryside.

方法二:

准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正

确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.ISthismuseumyouViSitedafewdaysago?

A.WhereB.thatC.onWhiChD.theone

例2.ISthisthemuseumtheexhibitionWaSheld?

A.WhereB.thatC.onWhiChD.theone

答案:

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾

语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,WhOSe);

先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(Where地点状语,When时间状语,Why原因状语)。

(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上:

不用逗号“,与主句隔开。

意义上:

是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上:

译成先行词的定语•的”

关系词的使用上:

A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替

WhOm

非限制性定语从句

形式上:

用逗号“,与主句隔开。

意义上:

只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上:

通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上:

A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例:

TheteachertoldmethatTomWaStheonIyPerSonthatIcoulddepend

on.

ChinaisaCOuntryWhiChhasalonghistory.

IntheStreetISaWamanwhoWaSfromAfriCa.

HiSmother,wholoveshimVerymuch,isStriCtWithhim.

China,WhiChWaSfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

LaStSUmmerIViSitedthePeopleSGreatHall,inWhiChmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.

(六)关系代词as和WhiCh引导的定语从句

as和WhiCh引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.as和WhiCh都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。

女口:

Hemarriedher,as/WhiChWaSnatural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的

Heishonest,as/WhiChWeCansee.他很诚实,这一点我们看得出来。

2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割

主句。

WhiCh引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。

另外,as常常有

正如、正像”的含义。

女口:

ASisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

Heisfromthesouth,asWeCanknowfromhisaccent.

John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

ZhangHuahasbeentoPariSmorethantentimes,WhiChIdon't

注意:

当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用WhiCh。

如:

TomWaSlateforschoolagainandagain,WhiChmadehisteacherVery

angry.

TheSetablesaremadeofmetal,WhiChmadethemVeryheavy.

3.当先行词受such,so,theSame修饰时,关系词常用as。

女口:

I'VeneverheardSUChStOrieSashetells.

HeisnotSUChafoolashelooks.

ThiSistheSamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.

注意:

当先行词受theSame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但与as引导

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 高等教育 > 农学

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1