CECCPUCDERICTStrategiesandAlternativeConfigurationsv4.docx

CECCPUCDERICTStrategiesandAlternativeConfigurationsv4.docx

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CECCPUCDERICTStrategiesandAlternativeConfigurationsv4

CEC/CPUCSmartDERInformationandCommunicationTechnologies（ICT）StrategiesandAlternativeConfigurations

October21,2013Version4

TableofContents

1.HierarchicalConfigurationofDERSystems1

2.CommunicationArchitectures4

2.1CommunicationAlternatives4

2.2InformationModels5

2.2.1IEC61850-7-420/90-7InformationModel5

2.2.2SubsetofIEC61850informationmodelinSEP2.06

2.2.3OpenADRforDemandResponsePricingInformation7

2.2.4CommonInformationModel（CIM）forControlCenterApplications7

2.3TypesofInformationFlows8

2.3.1Utility-to-DERInformationFlow8

2.3.2DER-to-UtilityInformationFlows9

2.3.3Utility-to-FDEMSInformationFlows10

2.3.4FDEMS-to-UtilityInformationFlows10

2.4ProtocolTranslationConfigurations10

2.4.1TranslatorsProvidedbyUtility11

2.4.2TranslatorsProvidedbyDEROwner12

2.4.3SDG&EConfiguration14

3.CybersecurityRequirementsforCommunications15

3.1CybersecurityforCommunications15

3.2MajorCybersecurityRequirementsforCommunications15

3.3AuthenticationRequirements16

3.4DataIntegrityRequirements16

3.5ConfidentialityRequirements17

3.6AvailabilityRequirements17

1.HierarchicalConfigurationofDERSystems

DirectcontrolbyutilitiesisnotfeasibleatthistimeforthethousandsifnotmillionsofDERsystems“inthefield”,soahierarchicalapproachisnecessaryforutilitiestointeractwiththesewidelydispersedDERsystems.MostoftheseDERsystemswillbesmall,suchasroof-topPVsystems,butsomemaybegreaterthanafewmegawatts.

Atthelocallevel,bothlargeandsmallDERsystemsareexpectedtomanagetheirowngenerationandstorageactivitiesautonomously,basedonlocalconditions,pre-establishedsettings,andDERownerpreferences.However,thoseDERsystemsthatareactiveparticipantsingridoperationsmustbecoordinatedwithotherDERsystemsanddistributiongriddevices,andthuswouldrequirecommunicationscapabilities.Forsimplefacilities,suchasaresidentialhome,theDERcontrollerswouldprovidethesecommunicationscapabilities.LargerormoresophisticatedcustomersiteswouldincludeFacilitiesDERenergymanagementsystems（FDEMS）thatcouldmodifytheseautonomoussettingsandissuedirectcommands.ThedistributionutilitiescouldinteractwiththeseDERsystems,throughtheFDEMSifitisavailable,tooccasionallyupdatesettings,tobroadcastoperationalorpricingsignals,and/ortoissuecommands.

Inaddition,thedistributionutilitiesmustinteractwithregionaltransmissionorganizations（RTOs）and/orindependentsystemoperators（ISOs）forreliabilityandmarketpurposes.Insomeregions,retailenergyproviders（REPs）areresponsibleformanaginggroupsofDERsystems.

AlthoughingeneralDERsystemswillbepartofahierarchy,differentscenarioswillconsistofdifferenthierarchicallevelsandvariationsevenwithinthesamehierarchicallevel.Forinstance,smallresidentialPVsystemsmaynotincludeanyFDEMSoronlysimpleFDEMS,whilelargeindustrialandcommercialsitescouldincludemultipleFDEMSandevenmultiplelevelsofFDEMS.SomeDERsystemswillbemanagedbyRetailEnergyProvidersthroughdemandresponseprograms,whileothersmaybemanaged（notnecessarilydirectlycontrolled）byutilitiesthroughfinancialandoperationalcontractsortariffswithDERowners.Someofthelarger,morestrategicallyplacedDERsystems,suchasstoragesystemslocatedinsubstationsorlargenumbersofDERsystemsinapowerplant,maybecontrolleddirectlybytheutility.

Forthepurposeofunderstandingandspecifyingthecommunicationrequirements,thefirstfour（4）levelsofthe5-LevelhierarchicalDERsystemarchitectureisshowninFigure1anddescribedbrieflybelow.Inaddition,examplesoftheinformationmodels（e.g.IEC61850andCIM）andtheprotocolsfortransportingthedatadefinedbythemodels（e.g.DNP3,ModBus,andSEP2）areshownasyellowarrows.

Figure1:

First4LevelsoftheHierarchicalDERSystemArchitectureShowingCommunicationProtocols

1.Level1DERSystems（greenintheFigure）isthelowestlevelandincludestheactualcyber-physical（softwareplushardware）DERsystemsthemselves.TheseDERsystemswillbeinterconnectedtolocalgridsatElectricalConnectionPoints（ECPs）andtotheutilitygridthroughthePointofCommonCoupling（PCC）.TheseDERsystemswillusuallybeoperatedautonomously.Inotherwords,theseDERsystemswillberunningbasedonlocalconditions,suchasphotovoltaicsystemsoperatingwhenthesunisshining,windturbinesoperatingwhenthewindisblowing,electricvehicleschargingwhenpluggedinbytheowner,anddieselgeneratorsoperatingwhenstartedupbythecustomer.Thisautonomousoperationiscontrolledbypre-setsoftwarevaluesthatareestablishedatdeployment,althoughthesevaluesmaybemodifiedlocallybyDERownerpreferenceswiththeconcurrenceoftheEPSoperator.

2.Level2FacilitiesDERManagement（blueintheFigure）isthenexthigherlevelinwhichafacilityDERmanagementsystem（FDEMS）managestheoperationoftheLevel1DERsystems.Forsimplefacilities,suchasaresidentialhome,theFDEMSmaybecombinedwiththeDERcontrollers,basicallyprovidingcommunicationscapabilitiestotheLevel1DERsystems.Ifaseparatesystem,theFDEMSmaybemanagingoneortwoDERsystemsinaresidentialhome（e.g.aPVsystemandanelectricvehicle）.LargerFDEMSwillbemanagingmultipleDERsystemsincommercialandindustrialsites,suchasuniversitycampusesandshoppingmalls.UtilitiesmayalsouseaFDEMStohandleDERsystemslocatedatutilitysitessuchassubstationsorpowerplantsites.

3.Level3InformationandCommunicationsTechnology（ICT）Infrastructure（redintheFigure）providedtheinformationexchangesbeyondthelocalsitetoallowutilitiesandmarket-basedaggregatorsandretailenergyproviders（REP）torequestorevencommandDERsystems（typicallythroughaFDEMS）totakespecificactions,suchasturningonoroff,settingorlimitingoutput,providingancillaryservices（e.g.volt-varcontrol）,andothergridmanagementfunctions.REP/aggregatorrequestswouldlikelybeprice-basedfocusedongreaterpowersystemefficiency,whileutilitycommandswouldalsoincludesafetyandreliabilitypurposes.Thecombinationofthislevelandlevel2mayhavevaryingscenarios,whilestillfundamentallyprovidingthesameservices,includingcybersecurity.

4.Level4DistributionUtilityOperationalAnalysis（yellow/brownintheFigure）appliestoutilityapplicationsthatareneededtodeterminewhatrequestsorcommandsshouldbeissuedtowhichDERsystems.UtilitiesmustmonitorthepowersystemandassessifefficiencyorreliabilityofthepowersystemcanbeimprovedbyhavingDERsystemsmodifytheiroperation.Thisutilityassessmentinvolvesmanyutilitycontrolcentersystems,including,butnotlimitedto,DistributionManagementSystems,GeographicalInformationSystems,LoadManagementSystems,OutageManagementSystems,DemandResponsesystems,aswellasDERdatabaseandmanagementsystems.Oncetheutilityhasdeterminedthatmodifiedrequestsorcommandsshouldbeissued,itwillsendtheseoutasperLevel3.

2.CommunicationArchitectures

2.1CommunicationAlternatives

FromtheDERlogicalarchitecturediagramsshownabove,itisclearthatanumberofdifferentprotocolsmaybeusedindifferentenvironmentsandfordifferentpurposes.Morethanonetypeofcommunicationmediamaybeusedacrossanetwork,differentprotocolsmaybeinvolved,anddifferenttypesofinformationexchangesmaybeneeded.Cybersecurityneedstobe“end-to-end”butdifferentmediaandprotocolsusedifferentcybersecuritymethods,includingdifferentciphersuites,differentkeymanagementapproaches,anddifferentnetworkmanagementmethods.

ThereforethefollowingissuesneedtobeaddressedinanyimplementationofDERsystemsthatwillinteractwithutilities（startingfromthehigherGWACStacklevelsdown）:

∙WhatDERfunctionsrequirecommunicationsbetweenutilitiesandDERsystems?

–SeetheCPUCRule21RecommendationsdocumentforPhases1-3.

∙What（abstract）informationmodelsmightbeusedformanagingtheseDERfunctions?

–IEC61850-7-420and90-7informationmodelforDERmonitoringandcontrol

–OpenADRinformationmodelfordemandresponsepricinginformation

–CommonInformationModel（CIM）forcontrolcenterapplications

∙WhattypesofdataneedtobeexchangedbetweenutilitiesandDERsystems,includingFacilityDERenergymanagementsystems（FDEMS）,basedontheinformationmodels?

–Utility-to-DER:

–DER-to-Utility:

–Utility-to-FDEMS:

–FDEMS-to-Utility:

∙What（application-layer）communicationprotocolscouldbeused?

–UtilitiesuseDNP3forSCADA-typedataexchanges

–UtilitiesmayuseSEP2.0forsomeinteractionswithcustomerpremises

–UtilitiesmayuseOpenADRXML-basedprotocolformarketinteractions

–DERsystemsuseModBus

–NewIECefforttomap61850toXMLovertheXMPPprotocol（anIETFprotocolforinstantmessaging）

∙Whatmappingsareavailablebetweentheabstractinformationmodelsandtheprotocols?

–EPRI-sponsoredmappingbetweenIEC61850andDNP3

–SunSpecmappingbetweenIEC61850andModBus

–SunSpecmappingbetweenIEC61850andSEP2.0

–ASHRAESP201isworkingonsuchamodel

–IECTC57WG17isdevelopinganXML-basedmappingof61850

∙Whattranslationsareneededbetweenprotocols?

–BetweenDNP3andModBus

–BetweenSEP2.0andModBus

–BetweenSEP2.0andDNP3（?

）

–BetweenModBusandXML（?

）

∙What（transport-layer）communicationprotocolswillbeused?

–TCP/IPforallprotocolsexceptModBus

∙Whatcommunicationmediawillbeused?

–