自动化专业中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

自动化专业中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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自动化专业中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

Automationofprofessionaldevelopment

Automationinthehistoryofprofessionaldevelopment,"industrialautomation"professionaland"control"professionaldevelopmentofthetwomainline,"industrialautomation"professionalfromthefirst"industrialenterpriseselectrified"professional.

Inthe1950s,theNewChinawasjustfounded,the100-wastequestion,studytheSovietUnionestablishedsystemofhighereducation,Subdivisionprofessional.Correspondingtothecountryintheconstructionofindustrialautomationanddefense,militaryconstructioninautomaticcontrol,successivelysetupthe"electrificationofindustrialenterprises"professionaland"control"professional（atthattimeinmanyschools,"Control"professionalsecrecyisprofessional）.Afterseveralformerprofessionalnameofevolution（seebelow）,andgraduallydevelopintoa"biasedtowardsapplications,biasedtowardsstrong,"Automation,andthelattertomaintainprofessionalnameof"control"basicallyunchanged（intheearlydaysalsoknownasthe"automaticlearningAndremotelearning,""AutomaticControlSystem"professional）,andgraduallydevelopintoa"biasedtowardstheory,biasedtowardsweak,"theautomationprofessional,andcometogetherin1995,mergedintoaunified"automatic"professional.In1998,accordingtotheMinistryofEducationannouncedthelatestprofessionalundergraduatecollegesanduniversitiesdirectory,adjusted,themergerofthenew"automated"professionalincludenotonlytheoriginal"automatic"professional（including"industrialautomation"professionaland"control"professional）,Alsoincreasedthe"hydraulictransmissionandcontrolof"professional（part）,"electricaltechnology"professional（part）and"aircraftguidanceandcontrolof"professional（part）.

Clearly,oneofChina'sautomationprofessionalhistoryofthedevelopmentofChina'shighereducationactuallyisanewdevelopmentofthecauseofamicrocosmofthehistory,butalsothehistoryofNewChinaindustrialdevelopmentofaminiature.Below"industrialautomation"professionaldevelopmentofthemainlineofthisexample,adetailedreviewofitsdevelopmentprocessinthemanyprofessionalnamechange（inrealtermsintheprofessionalcontentchanges）anditsindustrialbuildingatthetimeofthecloserelationship.

FirstabrieflookattheworldandChina'sprofessionaldivisionhistory.Weknowthatnowusetheprofessionaldivisionislargelyfromthe19thcenturytothebeginningofthesecondhalfofthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturystereotypesoftheengineering,isbasicallyindustry（products）fortheobjectstothedivision,theyhavebeentheimageofpeopleKnownasthe"industryprofessionals"or"tradeassociations."Atpresenttheinternationaleducationsystemintwocategories,withBritainandtheUnitedStatesastherepresentativeoftheeducationsystemnotyetoutof"industryprofessionals"system,buthastakenthe"generalist"theroadofeducationandtheformerSovietUnionforEurope（closetotheSovietUnion）astherepresentativeTheeducationsystem,atthebeginningoftheimplementationof"professionals"education,professional-verysmall,althoughreformsrepeatedly,buttothecurrent"industryprofessionals"arestillveryobviouscharacteristics.

Inthe1950s,justafterthefoundingofNewChina,acomprehensivestudyandtheSovietUnionandsub-professionalverysmall;Sincereformandopeningup,onlytoBritainandtheUnitedStatestograduallyastherepresentativeoftheeducationsystemtomovecloser,andgraduallyreducetheprofessional,theimplementationof"generalist"educationthroughanumberofprofessionalRestructuringandmerger（thetotalnumberofprofessionalsfromthemaximumof1,343kindsofgraduallyreducingthecurrent249kinds）,althoughnotoutof"industryprofessionals"and"MeiMing,"butmanyofthecollegesanduniversities,mostlyonlyoneofaProfessional,ratherthanthepastmorethanaprofessional.

Beforethat,China'sfirstprofessionalautomationfromtheNationalUniversityin1952whenthefirstmajorreadjustmentoftheestablishmentofprofessional-electrifiedprofessionalindustrialenterprises.Atthattime,theSovietUnionassistancetotheconstructionofChina's156largeindustrialenterprises,automationofmuch-neededelectricalengineeringandtechnicalpersonnel,andsuchprofessionalandtechnicalpersonneltraining,andthenwasveryconsistentwithChina'sindustrialconstruction.Bythe1960s,professionalnamechangedto"industrialelectricandautomation,"thelate1970swhentoresumeenrollment"ElectricIndustrialAutomation"professional.Thisisnotonlyprofessionalnamechanges,buthasitsprofoundmeaning,itreflectsChina'sindustriesfrom"electrified"stepbysteptothe"automatic"intotherealhistoryandthatpartofthedevelopmenttrendofChina'sautomationprofessionalreflectshowurgentcountriesUrgentforthecountry'seconomicconstructionservicesthatperiodofhistoryanddevelopmentofrealdirection.

1993,afterfouryearsofthethirdrevisionoftheundergraduateprofessionaldirectories,theStateEducationCommissionissuedacall"systemintegrity,morescientificandreasonable,theharmonizationofnorms,"the"ordinaryprofessionaldirectoryofundergraduatecollegesanduniversities.""ElectricIndustrialAutomation"and"productionprocessautomation"mergerofthetwoprofessionalelectriciantosetupakindof"industrialautomation"professional,bythethenMinistryofIndustryMachinerycentralizedmanagementcollegesanduniversitiestosetupindustrialautomationteachingguideattheCommission,responsibleforthe"IndustrialAutomation"professionalteachingandguidingworkatthesametime,"Control"wasattributabletotheprofessionalcategoryofelectronicinformation,thethenMinistryofIndustryofelectroniccentralizedmanagementcontroltosetupcollegesanduniversitiesteachingguideattheCommission,responsibleforthe"control"Professionalteachingguideourwork.Aftertheprofessionaladjustment,furtherdefinedthe"industrialautomation"professionaland"control"professional"-bothstrongandweak,hardwareandsoftwareintoconsiderationandcontroltheoryandpracticalsystemintegration,andthemovementcontrol,processcontrolandothertargetsofcontrol"Thecommoncharacteristicswiththetrainingobjectives,butalsothebasicsetof"industrialautomation"biasedtowardsstrong,professional,biasedtowardsapplications,"Control"professionalbiasedtowardsweak,biasedtowardsthetheoryofprofessionalcharacteristicsandpatternofdivisionoflabor.1995,theStateEducationCommissionpromulgatedthe"（University）undergraduateengineeringleadingprofessionaldirectory",theelectricalcategory"industrialautomation"professionalandtheoriginalelectronicinformationsuchas"control"ofprofessionalelectronicinformationintoanewcategoryof"automatic"professional.Asthisistheleadingprofessionaldirectory,arenotenforced,coupledwithgeneral"industrialautomation"strongorweak,bothprofessional"into"aweakprofessionalcategoryofelectronicinformationisnotconducivetoprofessionaldevelopmentandthusmanySchoolsremain"industrialautomation"professionaland"control"thesituationofprofessionalco-exist.Since1996more,againcommissionedbytheMinistryofNationalEducationMinistryofIndustryandelectronicmachineryindustriesofotherpartsoftheestablishmentofthenewsession（secondsession）centralizedmanagementguidanceattheUniversityTeachingCommission,makingtheleadingprofessionalshavenotbeeneffectiveImplemented.

1998,tomeetthecountry'seconomicconstructionofKuanKoujingpersonneltrainingneeds,furtherconsolidationofprofessionalandinternational"generalist"educationtrackbytheMinistryofEducationannouncedafourthrevisionofthelatest"UniversitiesUndergraduateCatalog."Sofarintheuseofthedirectory,thetotalnumberofprofessionalsfromthethirdamendmentstothe504kindsofsubstantiallyreducedto249species,theoriginaldirectoryisstrong,professionalelectricianandaweakprofessionalcategorysuchaselectronicsandinformationintocategoriesElectricpower,theunityofInformation,aformerelectricianatthesametimekindof"industrialautomation"professionalandthetypeofelectronicinformation"control"professionalformalmerger,togetherwiththe"hydraulictransmissionandcontrolof"professional（part）,"Electrictechnology"professional（part）and"aircraftguidanceandcontrolof"professional（part）,thecompositionofthenew（enforcement）areelectricalinformationsuchas"automatic"professional.Accordingtostatistics,sofarthecountryhasmorethan200collegesanduniversitiessetupthiskindof"automatic"professional.Ifthenameofautomationaspartoftheirprofessionalexpertise（suchas"electricalengineeringandautomation,""mechanicaldesignandmanufacturingautomation,""agriculturalmechanizationandautomation"andotherprofessionals）includedAutomationhasundoubtedlyisthelargestinChinaAprofessional.

OfthecharacteristicsofChina'sautomationprofessional:

RecallingChina'sprofessionalhistoryofthedevelopmentofautomation,combinedwiththecorrespondingperiodoftheconstructionofChina'snationaleconomytothedemandforautomationandautomatedthedevelopmentofthecause,itisnotdifficulttosumupfollowingprofessionalcharacteristics:

（1）China'sautomationprofessionalisnotonlyarelativelylonghistory（since1952havebeenmorethan50years）,andfromthefirstdayoftheestablishmentofprofessionalautomation,hasbeenaprofessionaloneofthecountrie