Oxford As I See it教学提纲.docx

Oxford As I See it教学提纲.docx

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OxfordAsISeeit教学提纲

OxfordAsISeeit

OxfordAsISeeit

我所看到的牛津

byStephenLeacock

史蒂文·李考克著

Newwords

dilapidated,（adj.）beinginastateofdecay:

putrefactive

fire-escapes,emergencyexitintheeventoffire

ventilation,circulationofair

sanitation,disposalofsewage.

up-to-date,adj.1.Informedoforreflectingthelatestinformationorchanges:

anup-to-datetimetable.2.Beinginaccordwiththelatestideas,improvements,orstyles:

up-to-datetechnology;up-to-datefashions.

facilities,1.Somethingthatfacilitatesanactionorprocess.2.Somethingcreatedtoserveaparticularfunction:

hospitalsandotherhealthcarefacilities.

persist（v.）holdfirmly;beinsistent;insistlive,stickto

assertion（n.）theactoranexampleofstatingpositively:

affirmation,asseveration,averral,avowal,declaration

Underlinethekeywords

...Yetinspiteofitsdilapidatedbuildingsanditslackoffire-escapes,ventilation,sanitation,andup-to-datekitchenfacilitiespersistinmyassertionthatIbelievethatOxford,initsway,isthegreatestuniversityintheworld.Iamawarethatthisisanextremestatementandneedsexplanation.

Analysisofthetext

Parallelism:

Yetinspiteofitsdilapidatedbuildingsanditslackoffire-escapes,ventilation,sanitation,andup-to-datekitchenfacilitiespersistinmyassertionthatIbelievethatOxford,initsway,isthegreatestuniversityintheworld.

Leacockbeginshiscomparisoninthethirdsentence.

译文

…尽管牛津大学校舍破旧，缺少防火太平门、通风设备、卫生设备和现代厨房设施，我仍坚持，牛津以其特有的方式，是世界上最好的大学。

我清楚，这说法太极端，还需要进一步解释。

Newwords

endowment（n.）Agifttoacharityorcause:

contribution,alms,benefaction,beneficence,charity,donation,bestowal,offering,grant

`nowhere/`nEuhwZE/adv.1.Notanywhere.2.Tonoplaceorresult:

protestedtherulingbutgotnowhere.n.1.Aremoteorunknownplace:

acabininthemiddleofnowhere.

Underlinethekeywords

Oxfordismuchsmallerinnumbers,forexample,thantheStateUniversityofMinnesota,andismuchpoorer.Ithas,orhadtillyesterday,fewerstudentsthantheUniversityofToronto.TomentionOxfordbesidethe26,000studentsofColumbiaUniversitysoundsridiculous.Inpointofmoney,the39,000,000dollarsendowmentoftheUniversityofChicago,andthe$35,000,000oneofColumbia,andthe$43,000,000ofHarvardseemtoleaveOxfordnowhere.Yetthepeculiarthingisthatitisnotnowhere.

Analysisofthetext

Oxfordismuchsmallerinnumbers,forexample,thantheStateUniversityofMinnesota,theUniversityofToronto,andtheColumbiaUniversitywhichhas26,000students.

Inpointofmoney,Oxfordismuchpoorerthanthe39,000,000dollarsendowmentUniversityofChicago,andthe$35,000,000oneofColumbia,andthe$43,000,000ofHarvard.

YetthepeculiarthingisthatOxfordisnotnowhere.

译文

比方，牛津大学的学生人数，比明尼苏达州立大学少得多，钱也少得多。

牛津大学现在，或者说直到昨天，比多伦多大学的学生少。

把牛津和有二万六千学生的哥伦比亚大学相提并论，显得很可笑。

从钱的角度说，有三千九百万收入的芝加哥大学、三千五百万的哥伦比亚大学、四千三百万的哈佛大学，看来更使牛津无立身之地。

奇怪的是，事情并非如此。

Newwords

queer（adj.）Deviatingfromestablishedoracceptedstandardsornorms:

strange,peculiar,curious,unusual,singular

profound（adj.）Possessedoforexhibitingwisdom:

wise,sagacious,enlightened,judicious,sage

Underlinethekeywords

Bysomequeerprocessofitsownitseemstogetthereeverytime.Itwasthereforeoftheverygreatestinteresttome,asaprofoundscholar,totrytoinvestigatejusthowthispeculiarexcellenceofOxfordarises.

Analysisofthetext

LeacockcomparesOxfordwithAmericanuniversitiesonthebasisofenrollmentandendowment.Thiscomparisonseemstoleadtotheconclusionthat“Oxfordisnotgreatatall.”However,thesentence“Yetthepeculiarthingisthat…”revealsthatitisnottheconclusionLeacockdraws.

译文

牛津大学通过本身的一些神奇方式，每次都不示弱。

所以，作为一个堂堂的学者，我有极大的兴趣，要搞清牛津大学总是最好，是如何造成的。

堂堂的:

翻译时要传达原文内的戏谑口吻。

翻译Profound，如不用自嘲，可用自谦：

喜欢刨根问底的，但不能译成“造诣深”。

总是最好：

翻译时可以进行词性转换。

Analysisoftheparagraph1

Inparagraph1thecomparisondevelopsbystatingexplicitlyineachsentencewhatisbeingcompared（OxfordandAmericanuniversities）andthebasisofcomparison（enrollmentandendowment）.Thuseachsentenceisaminiaturecomparison,completeinitself,andthetotaleffectisbuiltbytheadditionofseveralsuchsentences.Thistechniquekeepsarelativebalancebetweenthingscompare,althoughobviousoneofthemisparamount.

Newwords

flourishv.tobeinaperiodofhighestproductivity,excellence,orinfluence

frankly（adv.）Withcandorandsincerity:

candidly,directly,forthrightly,honestly

laughable,Causingordeservinglaughterorderision;ridiculous

AppliedScience应用科学

atheologicalcollege神学院

dynamo发电机

broaddaylight光天化日

heat,热学

plumbing,水暧工

electricwiring,布线

gas-fitting安煤气

blow-torch喷灯，焊枪

Underlinethekeywords

Itcanhardlybeduetoanythinginthecurriculumorprogrammeofstudies.Indeed,toanyoneaccustomedtothebestmodelsofauniversitycurriculumasitflourishesintheUnitedStatesandCanada,theprogrammeofstudiesisfranklyquitelaughable.ThereislessAppliedScienceintheplacethanwouldbefoundwithusinatheologicalcollege.HardlyasingleprofessoratOxfordwouldrecognizeadynamoifhemetitinbroaddaylight.TheOxfordstudentlearnsnothingofchemistry,physics,heat,plumbing,electricwiring,gas-fittingortheuseofablow-torch.

译文

这不可能是课程设置（美国叫curriculum，英国叫programmeofstudy）的原因。

说真的，对任何熟知美国和加拿大的最流行和最好的课程设置的人来说，牛津大学的课程设置，坦率地说，是十分可笑的。

牛津的应用科学课程，比我们这里的一个神学院开设的还要少。

没有哪个牛津教授，在大白天遇到一个发电机，会认得出来。

牛津大学的学生对化学、物理、热学、管子工、装电线、安煤气、用焊枪，一无所知。

Daylight译成“光天化日之下”口气太重。

Newwords

runamotorcar,

takeagasolineenginetopieces,

washerAflatdisk,asofmetal,plastic,rubber,orleather,placedbeneathanutoratanaxlebearingorajointtorelievefriction,preventleakage,ordistributepressure.

akitchentap,tap:

n.1.Avalveandspoutusedtoregulatedeliveryofafluidattheendofapipe.2.Aplugforabunghole;aspigot.3.a.Liquordrawnfromaspigot.b.Liquorofaparticularbrew,cask,orquality.4.MedicineTheremovaloffluidfromabodycavity:

aspinaltap.5.Atoolforcuttinganinternalscrewthread.6.Amakeshiftterminalinanelectriccircuit.

anexpertopinion

furnace

stamphimasacollegeman,

occasionvt.toprovideoccasionfor;cause

averypardonablepride:

不无道理的骄傲

amateur

Underlinethekeywords

AnyAmericancollegestudentcanrunamotorcar,takeagasolineenginetopieces,fixawasheronakitchentap,mendabrokenelectricbell,andgiveanexpertopiniononwhathasgonewrongwiththefurnace.Itisthesethingsindeedwhichstamphimasacollegeman,andoccasionaverypardonableprideinthemindsofhisparents.ButinallthesethingstheOxfordstudentisthemerestamateur.

译文

随便哪个美国大学生，都会开车，拆御汽油发动机，给厨房的水龙头换垫片，修理电铃，对炉子的故障发表内行的意见。

正是这些东西，给他们打上了大学生的印记。

他们父母心中也因此而有一种不无道理的自豪。

所有这些，牛津大学生顶多只是业余搞搞。

Analysisofthetext

Inparagraph2,appliedscience,ormechanicalsideofcurriculumiscompared.Leacockfirsttalksallaboutoxford,fromprogrammeofstudy,toprofessors,thentostudents.Insentences6and7,hetalksallaboutAmericanuniversities.Andinthelastsentence,hegoesbacktoOxford.

Newwords

mechanicalsideofeducation，

culturedstudies,

Housekeeping,

Salesmanship,

ComparativeReligion,

theinfluenceofthePress，

HumanBehavior,

Altruism,（n.）Kindlyconcernforothers:

benevolence,kindheartedness,beneficence,charitableness,goodwill,kindliness

Egotism（n.）Animmodestlyhighopinionofone'sownworth:

conceit,vanity,conceitedness,amour-propre,vainness

PlayofWildAnimals，

Underlinethekeywords

Thisisbadenough.Butafterallonemightsaythisisonlythemechanicalsideofeducation.True:

butonesearchesinvainintheOxfordcurriculumforanyadequaterecognitionofthehigherandmoreculturedstudies.StrangethoughitseemstousonthissideoftheAtlantic,therearenocoursesatOxfordinHousekeeping,orinSalesmanship,orinAdvertising,oronComparativeReligion,orontheinfluenceofthePress.TherearenolectureswhateveronHumanBehavior,onAltruism,onEgotism,oronthePlayofWildAnimals.

译文

这真是糟糕透了。

不过有人会说，这不过仅仅是工科教育。

不错，但是人们在牛津大学的课程中，也无法找到高一级的和文科更有关的应用课程。

对我们这些大西洋此岸的人来说，很奇怪，牛津竟然没有家务、营销、广告、比较宗教、报刊影响之类的课程。

那儿也不讲人类行为、利他主义、自我欣赏、或是野生动物嬉戏。

工科教育：

mechanical不能译成机械的

文科：

culturedstudies要和工科对应

Newwords

feeble:

（adj.）Notstrongintemperamentorcharacter:

mild,docile,easy,weak,weak-willed

testament/`testEmEnt/n.1.Somethingthatservesastangibleprooforevidence:

Thespaciousplanofthecityisatestamenttotheforesightofitsfounders.2.Astatementofbelief;acredo:

mypoliticaltestament.3.LawAwrittendocumentprovidingforthedispositionofaperson'spropertyafterdeath;awill.4.TestamentAbbr.T.Test.BibleEitherofthetwomaindivisionsoftheBible.5.ArchaicAcovenantbetweenhumanbeingsandGod.[MiddleEnglishawillfromLatintestamentumfromtestaritomakeawillfromtestiswitness;Seetrei-inIndo-EuropeanRoots.]`testa·`mentar·y（-`mentEri,-`mentri）adj.

Underlinethekeywords

Apparently,theOxfordstudentdoesnotlearnthesethings.ThiscutshimofffromagreatdealofthelargercultureofoursideoftheAtlantic.Whatareyoustudyingthisyear?

Ionceaskedafourthyearstudentatoneofourgreatcolleges.IamelectingSalesmanshipandReligion,heanswered.Herewasayoungmanwhosetrainingwasdestinedinevitablytoturnhimintoamoralbusinessman:

eitherthatornothing.AtOxfordSalesmanshipisnottaughtandReligiontakesthefeebleformoftheNewTestament.ThemoreonelooksatthesethingsthemoreamazingitbecomesthatOxfordcanproduceanyresultsatall.

译文

很明显，牛津学生不学这些。

这就使他们少了我们大西洋此岸的广义文科的相当