全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题 课程代码00596.docx

全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题 课程代码00596.docx

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全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题课程代码00596

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试

英语阅读

（二）试题

课程代码：

00596

全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

SECTION1VOCABULARY（30points）

I.Directions:

MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

AB

1.challengeA.makingdirtyorimpure

2.inaccessibleB.againstreasonorcommonsense

3.surgeC.forwardmovementlikepowerfulwaves

4.diverseD.greatnessofsizeorimportance

5.foulE.ofdifferentkinds

6.emergeF.rockinaveryhotliquidstate

7.heedG.questionthelawfulnessorrightnessof

8.absurdH.giveattentionto

9.lavaI.thatcannotbereached

10.magnitudeJ.comeintoexistence

II.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully,andchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.BlackenthecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

11.Throughthepassingmillennia,thousandsofanimalspecieshavecomeandgone.

A.arrivedandleft

B.appearedandescaped

C.comeintoexistenceandbecomeextinct

D.approachedanddisappeared

12.Occasionallossoflivestockmustbeweighedagainstthegoodtheseanimalsdoinmaintainingthebalanceofnature.

A.estimatedbyB.balancedby

C.copiedintermsofD.comparedintermsofvalueof

13.RecognizingthegrowingthreatHIV/AIDSposestochildsurvival,theAgencywillsupporteffortsforasolution.

A.affectsB.takesto

C.increasesD.pointsto

14.Pesticideshavealsotakentheirtoll.

A.threatenedtheirlivesB.destroyedtheirhabitat

C.playedtheirpartD.causeddeaths

15.Witheachdepartureasmallpartofthediversityofnaturethatmakeslifesointerestingisalsogone.

A.goingawayB.extinction

C.changingD.disaster

16.SeveralmonthslaterasimilarfeatwasperformedbythefirstAmericanastronauttowalkinspace.

A.ordinarytaskB.noteworthyachievement

C.commondeedD.somethingdone

17.Ontheearth,ouratmospherediffuseslightsothat,whenthesunisup,lightseemstobeeverywhere.

A.sendsoutineverydirectionB.focusesineverydirection

C.concentratesineverydirectionD.reflectsineverydirection

18.Duringthesubsequentlullinhunting,thesealpopulationmadeagood,althoughtemporary,recovery.

A.stopB.stillness

C.quietnessD.pause

19.Amutationhappenstosuitanewenvironment,andthe“odd”creaturesurvivesbecauseitisbetterfitted.

A.calciumB.remnant

C.alterationD.eradication

20.ThisisanunexploredareainvitaminresearchandtheonlyknownadvantagesofvitaminEareconfinedtospecializedmedicalcases.

A.assessedinB.restrictedto

C.contributedtoD.expectedon

III.Directions:

ScanPassage1andfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

Note:

Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.

21.conditionsandsurroundingsthataffectpeople’slives

（1）

22.passingonofphysicalormentalcharacteristicsfromparentstochildren

（2）

23.haveaneffectoneachother

（2）

24.wayinwhichsomethingworks（3）

25.poweroflearning,understandingandreasoning（4）

26.controllingorhandlingsomethingwithskill（4）

27.characteristicsandqualitiesofaperson（5）

28.decidingthevalueoramountofsomething（6）

29.explainingsomethingwhichisnoteasilyunderstandable（6）

30.makesomethingdifficulttoseeclearly（6）

Passage1

1.Weinheritgenes,nottraits.Whenwesaythataboygothisbrowneyesfromhisfather,wereallymeanthathegotthegenesforbrowneyesfromhisfather.Everygenemustdevelopinanenvironment,andtheenvironmentinfluenceshowthatgenewilldevelop.Inthecaseoffruitflies,thevestigial（退化的）-wingcharacteristicwilldevelopifthefliesareraisedatroomtemperature.Ifthefliesarerearedatabout92oF（33oC）,however,thewingswillbealmostnormal.

2.Inthefinalanalysis,thequestion,“Whichismoreimportant,heredityorenvironment?

”hasnomeaning.Therecanbeno“heredityversusenvironment”situation:

bothfactors,heredityandenvironment,mustinteractforanorganismtodevelop.

3.Still,wecangetsomeideaoftherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttocertaintraits.Todothis,wemustdeterminethegeneticmechanismforaparticulartrait.Wemustalsodeterminehowmucheffecttheenvironmentcanhaveonthetrait.Neitherofthesedeterminationsiseasy,butforafewtraitstheyhavebothbeenmade.

4.InthecaseofDown’ssyndrome,forexample,weknowthatthepresenceofanextranumber21chromosomesetslimitsonthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceandlargelydeterminescertainotherabnormalcharacteristicsofthevictim.Unfortunately,noamountofenvironmentalmanipulationcancausethevictim’sintelligencetoexceedacertain“subnormal”level.ThuswecansaythatinthedevelopmentofthephenotypeofapersonwithDown’ssyndrome,hereditymakesarelativelygreatcontribution—byimposingseverelimits.

5.Butinmostsituationsonecanstudy,theroleoftheenvironmentisverymuchinevidence.Identicalhumantwinswhohavebeenrearedapartshowquitenoticeablephenotypicdifferences,inpersonalityandeveninsomephysicalcharacteristics.

6.Theproblemofassessingtherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttohumanintelligenceisnotoriouslydifficultandcontroversial.Ontheonehand,manystudieshaveshownhighcorrelationsbetweentheintelligenceofindividualsandtheirdegreeof“relatedness”.Ontheotherhand,themanyvariablesencounteredinstudiesofthistypemakeinterpretationverydifficult.Butsomestudieshavefoundcorrelationssuggestingenvironmentalfactorsinfluenceintelligencemorethangeneticfactorsdo.Sothequestionofintelligenceandinheritanceisstillverymuchupintheair.Theproblemsandthecontroversyshouldnot,however,obscureonebasicfact:

intelligence,likeanyothertrait,dependsontheinteractionofbothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.

SECTION2READINGCOMPREHENSION（40points）

IV.Directions:

Skimpassage2andreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.BlackenthecorrespondingansweryouchooseonyourANSWERSHEET.（10points,1pointforeach）

Passage2

1.Mildstressisknowntoimprovelearning.Atotallyrelaxedchildwillnotbeasreceptivetonewinformationasachildexperiencingmildstress.Itisalsoknownthatwhenthestressofworkingatajobisremovedwhenelderlypeopleretiretheyagemorequicklyunlessnewactivitiesaresubstitutedintheirlives.Itisthoughtthatsenilityoccursmorefrequentlywithinactivitythanwithcontinuedactivity.Muchofthegreatart,inventionsanddiscoverieshasresultedfromthestressofthecreators.WouldwehavetheSistineChapel（西斯行廷教堂）ifMichaelangelohadlivedaquietstresslesslife?

2.Wemustalsoadmitthatthebodilychangesthatoccurunderstressoftenleadtoactivitiesthatcouldnotbeperformedundernormalcircumstances.The110-poundwomanwholiftsaone-tonautomobiletoreleaseherchildcaughtunderthewheelscouldnotordinarilyperformthisfeat;thebodilychangesproducedbythestressofthesituationenablehertodothissuperhumanact.Anathletereliesonthechangesthatoccurunderstresstohelphimrunfaster,tackleharder,andwinthegame.

3.Itappearsthattheamountofharmfulstressanyparticularindividualexperiencesdependsuponhowheviewsthestressfulexperience.Ifheseesitasthreatening,itisabadstress;butifheviewsitasachallenge,itcanbeabeneficialstress.Also,hispersonalitytypeplaysasignificantroleinthedeterminationofwhetherthestressisgoodorbad.Certaintypesofpeopleappeartoneedstresstomaketheirlivesexcitingandmeaningful—itkeepsthemyoung,alive,andfunctioning.Othertypesseemtoneedroutine,quiet,andpeacefulenvironment.

4.Shouldyouavoidstressorencourageit?

Theexpertsdon’thavetheanswer.Sincestresshasalwaysbeenpartofthehumanconditionandlifeisnotstatic—unexpectedthingsdohappen—completeavoidanceisimpossible.Infact,worryingaboutstressisastressitself.Someauthoritiessuggestthateveryoneusemeditationandrelaxationtechniquestolessentheeffectsofstress.Theyfavorchangingourbusylife-styletoslower-pacedliving,strivingless,andstayingputmore.Otherauthoritiesstatethatthesemethodsmayerasethebeneficialeffectsofstressandthatifyoureceivegratificationsfromahecticlifestyle,adoptingamorerelaxedroutinemaydepriveyouofneededstimuliandlowerthequalityofyourlife.

5.Alldoagreethatattitudeisoneofthemostimportantfactors.Apositiveattitudecanmakestressyourally.Anegativeattitudewillmakestressyourenemy.Sincewemayneverknowwhoseadvicetofollow,perhapsthebestcourseistoacceptstressasinevitable,bothgoodandbad,andtokeepthestressthatfeelsgoodandtrytoeliminatethestressthatfeelsbad.Youbeyourownexpert!

31.Totalrelaxationenablesyoutoreceivenewinformationmoreeasilythanstressfulcircumstance.

32.Peopleagemuchmorequicklyiftheyareactiveafterretirement.

33.Peopleunderstresscansometimesmakeincredibleeventshappen.

34.Womenwhoseweightisover110poundscanliftaone-tonobject.

35.Whetherstressisgoodorbadisnotdecidedbythestressfulsituationitself,butbyhowpeopleviewit.

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