重点高中时态与语态.docx

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重点高中时态与语态.docx

重点高中时态与语态

高中?

动词的时态和语态

一?

基本用法?

1一般现在时考点分析?

①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)?

The?

geography?

teacher?

told?

us?

the?

earth?

moves?

around?

the?

sun.?

②表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:

see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong?

seem等。

如:

?

I?

know?

what?

you?

mean.?

Smith?

owns?

a?

car?

and?

a?

house.?

All?

the?

students?

here?

belong?

to?

No.1?

Middle?

School.?

③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

但要注意由if?

引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表―意愿‖,但不表示时态。

?

If?

you?

will?

accept?

my?

invitation?

and?

come?

to?

our?

party,?

my?

family?

will?

be?

pleased.?

如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常高兴。

?

④少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。

当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

?

The?

shop?

closes?

at?

11:

00?

p.m.?

every?

day.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Tomorrow?

is?

Wednesday.

2一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点)。

?

①一般过去时的基本用法:

表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。

如:

?

I?

met?

her?

in?

the?

street?

yesterday.?

?

?

?

They?

never?

drank?

wine.?

I?

thought?

the?

film?

would?

be?

interesting,?

but?

it?

isn’t.?

②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。

如:

?

He?

told?

me?

he?

read?

an?

interesting?

novel?

last?

night.?

?

③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。

如:

but,?

and,?

when,?

as?

soon?

as,?

immediately,?

the?

moment,?

the?

minute。

?

The?

moment?

she?

came?

in,?

she?

told?

me?

what?

had?

happened?

to?

her.?

He?

bought?

a?

watch?

but?

lost?

it.?

3一般将来时考点分析。

?

①表示未来的动作或状态常用will?

/?

shall?

+?

动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next?

week等)。

?

②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。

?

?

We’ll?

die?

without?

air?

or?

water.?

③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。

?

④be?

going?

to与will?

/?

shall,?

be?

to?

do,?

be?

about?

to?

do用法及区别:

?

be?

going?

to?

表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall?

/?

will?

do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。

?

be?

going?

to?

表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。

如:

?

If?

it?

is?

fine,?

we’ll?

go?

fishing.(正确)?

?

?

?

If?

it?

is?

fine,?

we?

are?

going?

to?

go?

fishing.(错误)

be?

to?

do?

sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。

?

A?

meeting?

is?

to?

be?

held?

at?

3:

00?

o’clock?

this?

afternoon.?

be?

about?

to?

do?

sth.表示―即可,就要‖,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。

?

Autumn?

harvest?

is?

about?

to?

start.?

4现在进行时考点分析。

?

①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。

如:

?

It?

is?

raining?

now.?

?

?

?

We?

are?

leaving?

on?

Friday.?

?

He?

is?

teaching?

English?

and?

learning?

Chinese.?

The?

girl?

is?

always?

talking?

loud?

in?

public.(与always、often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)?

②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作:

like,?

love,?

hate,?

care,?

remember,?

believe,?

want,?

mind,?

wish,?

agree,?

mean,?

need.

(B)表存在的状态的动词:

appear,?

exist,?

lie,?

remain,?

seem?

belong?

to,?

depend?

on。

(C)表示一时性动作的动词:

allow,?

accept,?

permit,?

promise,?

admit,?

complete。

(D)表示感官的动词:

see,?

hear,?

notice,?

feel,?

smell,?

sound,?

taste,?

look。

?

5.过去完成时考点分析(考核重点)。

?

①常用过去完成时的几种情况:

?

(A)在by、by?

the?

end、by?

the?

time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。

如:

By?

the?

end?

of?

last?

year,?

we?

had?

produced?

20,000?

cars.?

The?

train?

had?

left?

before?

we?

reached?

the?

station.?

?

(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。

常用had?

hoped?

/?

planned?

/?

meant?

/?

intended/?

though?

/?

wanted?

/?

expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:

hoped?

/?

planned?

…+?

to?

have?

done。

?

(C)―时间名词?

+?

before‖在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;―时间名词?

+?

ago‖在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。

如:

He?

said?

his?

first?

teacher?

had?

died?

at?

least?

10?

years?

before.?

Xiao?

Hua?

left?

school?

3?

years?

ago.?

(D)表示―一……就‖的几个句型:

?

Hardly?

/?

No?

sooner?

/?

Scarcely?

had?

+?

主语?

+?

过去分词?

+?

when?

/?

than?

/?

before?

+?

一般过去时。

如:

We?

had?

no?

sooner?

been?

seated?

than?

the?

bus?

started.?

=?

No?

sooner?

had?

we?

been?

seated?

than?

the?

bus?

started.?

②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。

?

After?

he?

(had)left?

the?

room,?

the?

boss?

came?

in.?

We?

arrived?

home?

before?

it?

snowed.?

6.过去将来时考点分析。

?

参照一般将来时对比:

用would?

do、was?

/?

were?

going?

to?

do?

sth.表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was?

/?

were?

to?

do?

sth.和was?

/?

were?

about?

to?

do?

sth.表过去将来。

?

7.过去进行时考点分析。

?

①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。

?

②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。

?

8现在完成时考点分析。

?

①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:

during?

/?

in?

/over?

the?

last(past)few?

years?

(months,?

weeks)、in?

recent?

years、up?

to?

now、till?

now等。

?

②下列句型中常用现在完成时?

It?

is?

(has?

been)?

+?

一段时间?

+?

since从句

This(That?

/?

It)is?

the?

first(second…)time?

that?

+?

现在完成时?

③在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。

如:

?

Don’t?

get?

off?

the?

bus?

until?

it?

has?

stopped.?

二?

注意几组时态的区别:

?

1.一般过去时与现在完成时:

时间上有差异:

凡有过去时间的均用过去时态,不能用完成时态,如含有ago、last?

year、just?

now、the?

other?

day等。

?

结果上有差异:

现在完成时强调的是对―现在‖的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在―过去‖,和现在毫无关系。

?

2.过去完成时与一般过去时:

过去完成时强调的是―过去的过去‖;如出现同一主语连续几个动作(―连谓‖)形式则只用一般过去时即可。

?

3.一般现在时和现在进行时?

一般现在时表示习惯性得行为或状态或客观性东西;而现在进行时表示短暂时间内的状态。

?

He?

works?

in?

the?

office?

but?

he?

is?

working?

in?

the?

workshop?

this?

week.?

他在办公室工作,但这一周他下车间了。

?

4.?

现在完成时和现在完成进行时?

现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。

?

现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。

?

I?

have?

been?

writing?

an?

article?

.(仍在写)?

?

?

?

?

?

I?

have?

wtitten?

an?

article?

.(已经完成)?

三?

与动词时态连用的句式?

1)This/It?

is?

the?

first?

/second?

…time?

that?

2)be?

doing?

…when?

…?

be?

about?

to?

do?

…when?

/be?

on?

the?

point?

of?

doing?

…when

had?

just?

done?

…when?

…?

3)?

Hardly?

had?

…done?

…when?

…/?

?

?

?

?

No?

sooner?

had?

…done?

…than?

…?

4)It?

is?

(has?

been)?

+?

一段时间?

+?

since从句?

5)It?

be?

+一段时间+before?

从句这种句式分为两种情况如果主句用将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来时,意为―多长时间以后即将发生某事‖;如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为―多长时间后发生了某事‖。

?

It?

won’t?

be?

long?

before?

he?

succeeds.=?

He?

will?

succeed?

soon.?

It?

was?

ten?

years?

before?

they?

met?

again.=They?

met?

again?

ten?

years?

later.?

被动语态考查要点简述?

被动语态的构成方式:

be?

+过去分词,口语也有用get?

/?

become?

+?

过去分词表示。

被动语态的基本用法:

不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。

强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。

?

1使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。

?

①主动变被动时双宾语的变化。

看下列例句。

?

My?

friend?

gave?

me?

an?

interesting?

book?

on?

my?

birthday.?

An?

interesting?

book?

was?

given?

to?

me(by?

my?

friend)on?

my?

birthday.?

I?

was?

given?

an?

interesting?

book?

(by?

my?

friend)on?

my?

birthday.?

②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。

?

The?

boss?

made?

him?

work?

all?

day?

long.?

?

?

He?

was?

made?

to?

work?

all?

day?

long(by?

the?

boss)?

③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉―尾巴‖。

?

The?

children?

were?

taken?

good?

care?

of?

(by?

her).?

Your?

pronunciation?

and?

spelling?

should?

be?

paid?

attention?

to.?

④情态动词和be?

going?

to、be?

to、be?

sure?

to、used?

to、have?

to、had?

better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be?

+过去分词。

?

⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:

(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。

(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。

如:

?

People?

say?

he?

is?

a?

smart?

boy.\It?

is?

said?

that?

he?

is?

a?

smart?

boy.\He?

is?

said?

to?

be?

a?

smart?

boy.?

People?

know?

paper?

was?

made?

in?

China?

first.?

It?

is?

known?

that?

paper?

was?

made?

in?

China?

first.?

Paper?

was?

known?

to?

be?

made?

in?

China?

first.?

类似句型有:

It?

is?

said?

/?

known?

/?

suggested?

/?

believed?

/?

hoped/?

thought?

that?

…?

(2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。

?

①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。

?

②表示状态的谓语动词,如:

last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look?

like、consist?

to等。

?

③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong?

to等。

?

④表示―希望、意图‖的动词,如:

wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

?

⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。

?

⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。

?

⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。

?

(3)主动形式表被动意义。

?

①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示―开始、结束、关、停、转、启动‖等意义时。

?

This?

kind?

of?

cloth?

washes?

easily.这种布易洗。

?

These?

novels?

won’t?

sell?

well.这些小说不畅销。

?

My?

pen?

writes?

smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。

?

The?

door?

won’t?

lock.门锁不上。

?

The?

fish?

smells?

good.鱼闻起来香。

?

②当break?

out、take?

place、shut?

off、turn?

off、work?

out等动词表示―发生、关闭、制定‖等意思时。

?

The?

plan?

worked?

out?

successfully.?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

The?

lamps?

on?

the?

wall?

turn?

off.?

③want,?

require,?

need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

?

④be?

worth?

doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

?

⑤在―be?

+?

形容词(easy,?

difficult,?

light,?

heavy,?

fit,?

good,?

safe,?

comfortable,?

dangerous,?

pleasant)?

+?

to?

do‖中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。

?

This?

kind?

of?

water?

isn’t?

fit?

to?

drink.?

?

?

?

?

?

The?

girl?

isn’t?

easy?

to?

get?

along?

with.?

另外:

be?

to?

blame(受谴责),be?

to?

rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。

?

(4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。

?

?

①be?

seated坐着?

?

?

?

He?

is?

seated?

on?

a?

bench.(He?

seats?

himself?

on?

a?

bench.)坐在凳子上。

?

②be?

hidden躲藏?

?

He?

was?

hidden?

behind?

the?

door.(He?

hid?

himself?

behind?

the?

door.)他藏在门后。

?

③be?

lost迷路?

?

?

?

④be?

drunk喝醉?

?

?

?

⑤be?

dressed穿着?

The?

girl?

was?

dressed?

in?

a?

red?

short?

skirt.?

(5)被动语态与系表结构的区别?

被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。

如:

?

The?

book?

was?

sold?

by?

a?

certain?

bookstore.(被动语态)

The?

book?

is?

well?

sold.(系表结构)?

(6)?

get+过去分词也可构成被动语态。

?

get常同marry,?

beat,?

break,?

damage,?

tear,?

strike,?

hurt,?

paint,?

invite,?

repair,?

dress?

等动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态。

?

巩固练习:

?

1.On?

the?

next?

birthday,?

?

Ann?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

married?

for?

twenty?

years.?

A?

.is?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B?

.has?

been?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

will?

be?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

will?

have?

been?

2.In?

the?

last?

few?

years?

thousands?

of?

films?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

all?

over?

the?

word.?

A.?

have?

produced?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

have?

been?

produced?

C.?

are?

producing?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

are?

being?

produced?

3.We?

_____John’s?

name?

on?

the?

race?

list?

yesterday?

but?

for?

his?

recent?

injury.?

A.?

will?

put?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

will?

have?

put?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

would?

put?

?

?

?

?

D.?

would?

have?

put?

4.—That?

must?

have?

been?

a?

long?

trip.?

—Yeah,?

it?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

us?

a?

whole?

week?

to?

get?

there.?

?

?

?

A.?

takes?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

has?

taken?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

took?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

was?

taking?

5.(2011·北京卷).Experiments?

of?

this?

kind?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

in?

both?

the?

U.S.?

and?

Europe?

well?

before

the?

Second?

World?

War.?

A.?

have?

conducted?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

have?

been?

conducted?

C.?

had?

conducted?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

had?

been?

conducted?

6.(2011·天津卷)I?

______?

sooner?

but?

I?

didn’t?

know?

that?

they?

were?

waiting?

for?

me.?

?

?

?

A.?

had?

come?

?

?

?

?

B.?

was?

coming?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

would?

come?

?

?

?

D.?

would?

have?

come

?

7.(2011·北京卷)—Bob?

has?

gone?

to?

California.?

—Oh,?

can?

you?

tell?

me?

when?

he?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

A.?

has?

left?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

left?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

is?

leaving?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

would?

leave?

8.(2011·四川卷)All?

visitors?

to?

this?

village?

_________?

with?

kindness.?

?

?

A.?

treat?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

are?

treated?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

are?

treating?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

had?

been?

treated?

?

?

?

?

9.(2011·北京卷)Tom?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

in?

the?

library?

every?

night?

over?

the?

last?

three?

months.?

A.?

works?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

worked?

?

?

?

?

?

C.?

has?

been?

working?

?

?

?

D.?

had?

been?

working?

10.(2011·四川卷).—What?

a?

mistake!

?

—Yes.?

I?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

his?

doing?

it?

another?

way?

?

but?

without?

success.?

A.?

was?

suggesting?

?

?

?

B.?

will?

suggest?

?

?

C.?

would?

suggest?

?

?

?

D.?

had?

suggested?

11.(2011·全国II)If?

you?

don't?

like?

the?

drink?

you?

______just?

leave?

it?

and?

try?

a?

different?

one.?

?

?

?

?

A.?

ordered?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

are?

ordering?

?

?

?

C.?

will?

order?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

had?

ordered?

12.(2011·陕西卷)His?

first?

novel?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

good?

reviews?

since?

it?

came?

out?

last?

month.?

A.?

receives?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

B.?

is?

receiving?

?

?

?

C?

.will?

receive?

?

?

?

?

?

?

D.?

has?

received

13.(2011·北京卷)Maybe?

if?

I?

?

science,?

and?

not?

literature?

then,?

I?

would?

be?

able?

to?

give?

you?

more?

help.?

A.?

studied?

?

?

?

?

?

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