重点高中时态与语态.docx

1、重点高中时态与语态高中?动词的时态和语态一?基本用法?1一般现在时考点分析?表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）?The?geography?teacher?told?us?the?earth?moves?around?the?sun.?表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong?seem等。如：?I?know?what?you?mean.?Smith?owns?a?car?and?a?house.?All?the?stude

2、nts?here?belong?to?No.1?Middle?School.?在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if?引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表意愿，但不表示时态。?If?you?will?accept?my?invitation?and?come?to?our?party,?my?family?will?be?pleased.?如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。?少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替

3、将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。?The?shop?closes?at?11:00?p.m.?every?day.?Tomorrow?is?Wednesday.2一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。?一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：?I?met?her?in?the?street?yesterday.?They?never?drank?wine.?I?thought?the

4、?film?would?be?interesting,?but?it?isnt.?如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：?He?told?me?he?read?an?interesting?novel?last?night.?表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,?and,?when,?as?soon?as,?immediately,?the?moment,?the?minute。?The?moment?she?came?in,?she?told?me?what?had?happened?to?her.?

5、He?bought?a?watch?but?lost?it.?3一般将来时考点分析。?表示未来的动作或状态常用will?/?shall?+?动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next?week等）。?表示一种趋向或习惯动作。?Well?die?without?air?or?water.?表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。?be?going?to与will?/?shall,?be?to?do,?be?about?to?do用法及区别：?be?going?to?表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事

6、先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall?/?will?do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。?be?going?to?表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：?If?it?is?fine,?well?go?fishing.(正确)?If?it?is?fine,?we?are?going?to?go?fishing.(错误)be?to?do?sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。?A?meeting?is?to?be?held?at?3:00?oclock?this?afternoon.?be?about?to?do?sth.

7、表示即可，就要，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。?Autumn?harvest?is?about?to?start.?4现在进行时考点分析。?表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：?It?is?raining?now.?We?are?leaving?on?Friday.?He?is?teaching?English?and?learning?Chinese.?The?girl?is?always?talking?loud?in?public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复

8、的行动或某种感情色彩)?下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,?love,?hate,?care,?remember,?believe,?want,?mind,?wish,?agree,?mean,?need.（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,?exist,?lie,?remain,?seem?belong?to,?depend?on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,?accept,?permit,?promise,?admit,?complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see,?hear,?notice,?feel,?smell,?sound,

9、?taste,?look。?5.过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。?常用过去完成时的几种情况：?（A）在by、by?the?end、by?the?time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By?the?end?of?last?year,?we?had?produced?20,000?cars.?The?train?had?left?before?we?reached?the?station.?(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had?hoped?/?planned?/?meant?/?intended/?though?/?wa

10、nted?/?expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped?/?planned?+?to?have?done。?（C）时间名词?+?before在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；时间名词?+?ago在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He?said?his?first?teacher?had?died?at?least?10?years?before.?Xiao?Hua?left?school?3?years?ago.?（D）表示一就的几个句型：?Hardly?/?No?sooner?/?Scarcely?had?+?主语?+?过去分词?+?when?/?tha

11、n?/?before?+?一般过去时。如：We?had?no?sooner?been?seated?than?the?bus?started.?=?No?sooner?had?we?been?seated?than?the?bus?started.?在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。?After?he?(had)left?the?room,?the?boss?came?in.?We?arrived?home?before?it?snowed.?6.过去将来时考点分析。?参照一般将来时对比：用would?do、was?/?were?going?to?do

12、?sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was?/?were?to?do?sth.和was?/?were?about?to?do?sth.表过去将来。?7.过去进行时考点分析。?过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。?某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。?8现在完成时考点分析。?现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during?/?in?/over?the?last(past)few?years?(months,?weeks)、in?recent?y

13、ears、up?to?now、till?now等。?下列句型中常用现在完成时?It?is?(has?been)?+?一段时间?+?since从句This(That?/?It)is?the?first(second)time?that?+?现在完成时?在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：?Dont?get?off?the?bus?until?it?has?stopped.?二?注意几组时态的区别：?1.一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last?year、just?now、the?other?day等。?结果上有

14、差异：现在完成时强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。?2.过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是过去的过去；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（连谓）形式则只用一般过去时即可。?3.一般现在时和现在进行时?一般现在时表示习惯性得行为或状态或客观性东西；而现在进行时表示短暂时间内的状态。?He?works?in?the?office?,but?he?is?working?in?the?workshop?this?week.?他在办公室工作，但这一周他下车间了。?4.?现在完成时和现在完成进行时?现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经

15、完成或表示曾经发生过。?现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。?I?have?been?writing?an?article?.(仍在写)?I?have?wtitten?an?article?.（已经完成）?三?与动词时态连用的句式?1）This/It?is?the?first?/second?time?that?2）be?doing?when?be?about?to?do?when?/be?on?the?point?of?doing?whenhad?just?done?when?3)?Hardly?had?done?when?/?No?sooner?had?done?than?4

16、)It?is?(has?been)?+?一段时间?+?since从句?5）It?be?+一段时间+before?从句这种句式分为两种情况如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。?It?wont?be?long?before?he?succeeds.=?He?will?succeed?soon.?It?was?ten?years?before?they?met?again.=They?met?again?ten?years?later.?被动语态考查要点简述?被动语态的构成方式：be?+过去分词，口语

17、也有用get?/?become?+?过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。?1使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。?主动变被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。?My?friend?gave?me?an?interesting?book?on?my?birthday.?An?interesting?book?was?given?to?me(by?my?friend)on?my?birthday.?I?was?given?an?interesting?book?(by?my?friend)on?my?b

18、irthday.?主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。?The?boss?made?him?work?all?day?long.?He?was?made?to?work?all?day?long(by?the?boss)?短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉尾巴。?The?children?were?taken?good?care?of?(by?her).?Your?pronunciation?and?spelling?should?be?paid?attention?to.?情态动词和be?going?to、be?to、be?sure?to、used?to、have?

19、to、had?better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be?+过去分词。?当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：?People?say?he?is?a?smart?boy.It?is?said?that?he?is?a?smart?boy.He?is?said?to?be?a?smart?boy.?People?know?paper?was?made?in?

20、China?first.?It?is?known?that?paper?was?made?in?China?first.?Paper?was?known?to?be?made?in?China?first.?类似句型有：It?is?said?/?known?/?suggested?/?believed?/?hoped/?thought?that?（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。?所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。?表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look?like、consist?

21、to等。?表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong?to等。?表示希望、意图的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。?宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。?宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。?有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。?（3）主动形式表被动意义。?当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write,open,clean,cook,keep,c

22、ut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示开始、结束、关、停、转、启动等意义时。?This?kind?of?cloth?washes?easily.这种布易洗。?These?novels?wont?sell?well.这些小说不畅销。?My?pen?writes?smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。?The?door?wont?lock.门锁不上。?The?fish?smells?good.鱼闻起来香。?当break?out、take?place、shut?off、turn?off、work?out等动词表示

23、发生、关闭、制定等意思时。?The?plan?worked?out?successfully.?The?lamps?on?the?wall?turn?off.?want,?require,?need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。?be?worth?doing用主动形式表示被动含义。?在be?+?形容词（easy,?difficult,?light,?heavy,?fit,?good,?safe,?comfortable,?dangerous,?pleasant）?+?to?do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。?This?kind?of?water?isnt?fit?to?dr

24、ink.?The?girl?isnt?easy?to?get?along?with.?另外：be?to?blame(受谴责)，be?to?rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。?（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。?be?seated坐着?He?is?seated?on?a?bench.（He?seats?himself?on?a?bench.）坐在凳子上。?be?hidden躲藏?He?was?hidden?behind?the?door.(He?hid?himself?behind?the?door.)他藏在门后。?be?lost迷路?be?drunk喝醉?be?dressed穿着?The

25、?girl?was?dressed?in?a?red?short?skirt.?（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别?被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：?The?book?was?sold?by?a?certain?bookstore.(被动语态)The?book?is?well?sold.(系表结构)?(6)?get+过去分词也可构成被动语态。?get常同marry,?beat,?break,?damage,?tear,?strike,?hurt,?paint,?invite,?repair,?dress?等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。?巩固练习：?1.On?the?next

26、?birthday,?Ann?married?for?twenty?years.?A?.is?B?.has?been?C.?will?be?D.?will?have?been?2.In?the?last?few?years?thousands?of?films?all?over?the?word.?A.?have?produced?B.?have?been?produced?C.?are?producing?D.?are?being?produced?3.We?_Johns?name?on?the?race?list?yesterday?but?for?his?recent?injury.?A

27、.?will?put?B.?will?have?put?C.?would?put?D.?would?have?put?4.That?must?have?been?a?long?trip.?Yeah,?it?us?a?whole?week?to?get?there.?A.?takes?B.?has?taken?C.?took?D.?was?taking?5.（2011北京卷）.Experiments?of?this?kind?in?both?the?U.S.?and?Europe?well?beforethe?Second?World?War.?A.?have?conducted?B.?have

28、?been?conducted?C.?had?conducted?D.?had?been?conducted?6.（2011天津卷）I?_?sooner?but?I?didnt?know?that?they?were?waiting?for?me.?A.?had?come?B.?was?coming?C.?would?come?D.?would?have?come?7.（2011北京卷）Bob?has?gone?to?California.?Oh,?can?you?tell?me?when?he?A.?has?left?B.?left?C.?is?leaving?D.?would?leave?

29、8.（2011四川卷）All?visitors?to?this?village?_?with?kindness.?A.?treat?B.?are?treated?C.?are?treating?D.?had?been?treated?9.（2011北京卷）Tom?in?the?library?every?night?over?the?last?three?months.?A.?works?B.?worked?C.?has?been?working?D.?had?been?working?10.（2011四川卷）.What?a?mistake!?Yes.?I?his?doing?it?anoth

30、er?way?,?but?without?success.?A.?was?suggesting?B.?will?suggest?C.?would?suggest?D.?had?suggested?11.（2011全国II）If?you?dont?like?the?drink?you?_just?leave?it?and?try?a?different?one.?A.?ordered?B.?are?ordering?C.?will?order?D.?had?ordered?12.（2011陕西卷）His?first?novel?good?reviews?since?it?came?out?last?month.?A.?receives?B.?is?receiving?C?.will?receive?D.?has?received13.（2011北京卷）Maybe?if?I? science,?and?not?literature?then,?I?would?be?able?to?give?you?more?help.?A.?studied?