语言学练习题.docx

语言学练习题.docx

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语言学练习题

Unit1Introtolinguistics:

填空：

1.Bydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructure,whichare_________level,and__________level.Primary;Secondary

2.__________functionoflanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself,andthismakesthelanguageinfinitely_________.Metalingual;self-reflexive

3.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.verbal

4.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.productivity/creativity

5.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.metalingualfunction

6.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.yo-he-ho

7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.speech

8.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

diachroniclinguistic

9.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

langue

10.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

Competence

11.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.scientific

12.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.descriptive

13._____isdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage,studyinglanguagesingeneral.Linguistics

14.Englishbelongsto_____languagegroups.Germanic

15.______meansthelackofalogicalconnectionbetweentheformofsomethinganditsexpressioninsounds.arbitrariness

16.F.deSaussureisa（n）_____linguist.（whichcountry）Swiss

17.N.Chomskyisa（n）_____linguist.（whichcountry）American

18.______refertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

Designfeatures

19._____meansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresentintimeandspaceatthemomentofcommunication.Displacement

20._____functionoflanguagereferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.Phatic

21.A______studyreferstothestudyoflanguageasitchangesthroughtime.

diachronic

22.Iftwosmallestlinguisticunitsthatcannotsignaladifferenceinmeaning,theyare______.etic

23.A______studyreferstothestudyoflanguageatsomepointoftime.

synchronic

24.Iftwosmallestlinguisticunitsthatcansignaladifferenceinmeaning,itis______.Emic

选择题：

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

D

A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.displacementD.diachronicity

2.______isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun（number,gender,etc.）andverb（tense,aspect,etc.）.C

A.PartsofspeechB.Wordclasses

C.GrammaticalcategoriesD.Functionsofwords

3.Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?

"is_______.B

A.informativeB.phatic

C.directiveD.performative

4.An____languageisalanguageinwhichconceptsthatweexpressusingprepositions,possessiveadjectives,andsoonareexpressedasmorphsconcatenatedinthesamewordsastherelevantbase.B

A.InflectingB.AgglutinatingC.IsolatingD.Analytical

5.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecorebranchesoflinguistics?

A

A.Phonology.B.Psycho-linguistics.

C.Socio-linguistics.D.Anthropology.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribe‘displacement’,

oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage?

C

A.Wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguage.

B.Wecanuseboth‘shu’and‘tree’todescribethesamething.

C.Wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresent.

D.Wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?

C

A.Languageisasystem.B.Languageissymbolic.

C.Animalsalsohavelanguage.D.Languageisarbitrary.

8.Thestudyoflanguageatsomepointoftimeisgenerallytermedas______linguistics.D

A.appliedB.diachronic

C.comparativeD.synchronic

9.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?

C

A.Interpersonal.B.Phatic

C.Informative.D.Metalingual.

10.WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole?

A

A.SaussureB.Chomsky

C.HallidayD.Anonymous

11.AccordingtoChomsky,____istheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeof

hislanguage.A

A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue

12.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage?

A

A.SymbolicB.DualityC.ProductivenessD.Arbitrariness

13.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage?

B

A.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.

C.Lettersandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols.

14.Whichofthefollowingbranchesoflinguisticstakestheinnerstructureofwordasitsmainobjectofstudy?

C

A.PhoneticsB.Semantics

C.MorphologyD.Syntax

15.Whichofthefollowingmodesofstudyemphasizesonthe“standards”oflanguage?

A

A.PrescriptiveB.Descriptive

C.SynchronicD.Diachronic

Unit2PhoneticsandPhonology:

填空题：

1.Thecriteriaofconsonantdescriptioninvolvethe______ofarticulationandthe_________ofarticulation.manner;place

2.__________studieshowspeechsoundsaremade,transmitted,andreceived,while__________isthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguages.

Phonetics;phonology

3.Allvowelsoundsare__________.voiced

4.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.friction

5.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

tongue

6.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.height

7.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.obstruction

8.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.minimalpairs

9.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.diphthongs

10.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.Coarticulation

11.__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.Phonemes

12.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

airstream

14.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_____isthemostflexible.tongue

15.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.theyareall_____.bilabial

16.Theprincipalsupersegmentalfeaturesareintonationand_____，______.stress;tone

17.A_____isacompleteclosureofthearticulatorssothattheairstreamcannotescapethroughthemouth.Stop

18.Theconsonant[p]canbedescribedasavoiceless______stop.bilabial

19.Theconsonant[g]canbedescribedasavoiced_____stop.velar

20.Iftwosoundsoccurringinthesameenvironmentdonotcontrast,namely,ifthesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotgenerateanewwordformbutmerelyadifferentpronunciationofthesameword,thetwosoundsthenaresaidtobein______.freevariation

21.Asyllablemusthavea_____orpeak,whichisusuallya______.

nucleus;.vowel

22.Soundsappearinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonebytheotherresultinachangeofwordmeaningaresaidtobein_______distribution.contrastive

23.______isanarticulationinwhichonearticulatorisclosetoanother,butwithoutthevocaltractbeingnarrowedtosuchanextentthataturbulentairstreamisproduced.Approximant

24.Theconsonant[b]canbedescribedasavoiced_____stop.bilabial

25.Iftwosoundsneverappearinthesameposition,theyaresaidtobein_____.complementarydistribution

26.Contrastivedistributioncanbefoundin______pairs.Minimal

27.__________phoneticsstudiesthemovementofthevocalorgansofproducingthesoundsofspeech.articulatory

28.Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare___________.voiceless;voiced;voiced

29.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.Coarticulation

选择题：

1.[p]isdifferentfrom[k]in_____.D

A.themannerofarticulationB.theshapeofthelips

C.thevibrationofthevocalcordsD.theplaceofarticulation

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthecriteriaofvoweldescription?

D

A.Thepartofthetonguethatisraised.

B.Theextenttowhichthetonguerises.

C.Theshapeofthelips.

D.Theextenttowhichtheteethdrawtogether.

3._____isanindispensablepartofasyllable.D

A.CodaB.OnsetC.StemD.Peak

4.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsin_____.D

A.aspirationB.nasalityC.obstructionD.voicing

5.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisaminimalpair?

C

A.but-pub.B.wet-which.C.cool-curl.D.fail-find.

6._____studiesallthespeechsoundsthathumanbeingsproduce.A

A.PhoneticsB.Phonology

C.SemanticsD.Pragmatics

7.____isthestudyofspeechsoundinlanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacitrulesgoverningpronunciation.A

A.PhonologyB.LexicographyC.LexicologyD.Morphology

8.Thepluralaffixinth