语言学练习题.docx

1、语言学练习题Unit1 Intro to linguistics:填空：1. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structure, which are _level, and _level. Primary; Secondary2. _ function of language can be used to talk about itself, and this makes the language infinitely _. Metalingual; self-reflexive3. Language, bro

2、adly speaking, is a means of _ communication. verbal4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _. productivity / creativity5. Language has many functions. We can use languag

3、e to talk about itself. This function is _. metalingual function 6. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory. yo-he-ho7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing. speech 8. The description of

4、 a language as it changes through time is a _ study. diachronic linguistic9. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. langue 10. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _. Competence1

5、1. Linguistics is the _ study of language. scientific 12. Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. descriptive13. _ is defined as the scientific study of language, studying languages in general. L

6、inguistics14. English belongs to _ language groups. Germanic15. _ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds. arbitrariness 16. F. de Saussure is a (n)_ linguist. (which country) Swiss17. N. Chomsky is a (n) _ linguist. (which country) American1

7、8._ refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. Design features19. _ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present in time and space at the

8、moment of communication. Displacement20. _function of language refers to the social interaction of language. Phatic21. A _ study refers to the study of language as it changes through time. diachronic22. If two smallest linguistic units that cannot signal a difference in meaning, they are _. etic23.

9、A _ study refers to the study of language at some point of time.synchronic24. If two smallest linguistic units that can signal a difference in meaning, it is_. Emic选择题：1. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? D A. arbitrariness B. duality C. displacement D. diachronicity2

10、. _is the defining properties of units like noun (number, gender, etc.) and verb (tense, aspect, etc.). C A. Parts of speech B. Word classes C. Grammatical categories D. Functions of words3. The function of the sentence A nice day, isnt it? is_. B A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performativ

11、e4. An_ language is a language in which concepts that we express using prepositions, possessive adjectives, and so on are expressed as morphs concatenated in the same words as the relevant base. BA. Inflecting B. Agglutinating C. Isolating D. Analytical5. Which of the following is one of the core br

12、anches of linguistics? AA. Phonology. B. Psycho-linguistics.C. Socio-linguistics. D. Anthropology.6. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement,one of the unique properties of language? CA. We can easily teach our children to learn a certain language.B. We can use both sh

13、u and tree to describe the same thing. C. We can use language to refer to something not present.D. We can produce sentences that have never been heard before.7. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? CA. Language is a system. B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have langua

14、ge. D. Language is arbitrary.8. The study of language at some point of time is generally termed as _ linguistics. DA. applied B. diachronicC. comparative D. synchronic9. What is the most important function of language? CA. Interpersonal. B. PhaticC. Informative. D. Metalingual.10. Who put forward th

15、e distinction between Langue and Parole? AA. Saussure B. ChomskyC. Halliday D. Anonymous11. According to Chomsky,_ is the ideal user s internalized knowledge ofhis language. AA. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue12. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of lang

16、uage? AA. Symbolic B. Duality C. Productiveness D. Arbitrariness13. What are the dual structures of language? BA. Sounds and letters. B. Sounds and meaning.C. Letters and meaning. D. Sounds and symbols.14. Which of the following branches of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main o

17、bject of study? CA. Phonetics B. SemanticsC. Morphology D. Syntax15. Which of the following modes of study emphasizes on the “standards” of language? AA. Prescriptive B. DescriptiveC. Synchronic D. DiachronicUnit 2 Phonetics and Phonology:填空题：1. The criteria of consonant description involve the _ of

18、 articulation and the _ of articulation. manner; place 2. _ studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, while _ is the study of the sound systems of languages. Phonetics; phonology3. All vowel sounds are _. voiced 4. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in t

19、he mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing _. friction5. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _ and the lips.tongue 6. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A seco

20、nd element is the _ to which that part of the tongue is raised. height7. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _. obstruction 8. In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for ill

21、ustrating _. minimal pairs9. In English there are a number of _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. diphthongs10. _ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. Coarticulation11. _ is the smallest li

22、nguistic unit. Phonemes 12. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs.air stream14. Of all the speech organs, the _ is the most flexible. tongue15. The four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one featu

23、re in common, i.e. they are all _. bilabial 16.The principal supersegmental features are intonation and _ ，_. stress; tone 17. A_ is a complete closure of the articulators so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth. Stop18. The consonant p can be described as a voiceless _ stop. bilabial

24、19. The consonant g can be described as a voiced _ stop. velar20. If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast, namely, if the substitution of one for the other does not generate a new word form but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, the two sounds then are said to

25、 be in _. free variation 21. A syllable must have a _ or peak, which is usually a _. nucleus;. vowel22. Sounds appear in the same environment and the substitution of one by the other result in a change of word meaning are said to be in _ distribution. contrastive23. _ is an articulation in which one

26、 articulator is close to another, but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced. Approximant24. The consonant b can be described as a voiced _ stop. bilabial25. If two sounds never appear in the same position, they are said to be in _. complement

27、ary distribution26. Contrastive distribution can be found in _ pairs. Minimal27. _ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech. articulatory 28. Consonant sounds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _. voiceless; voiced; voiced29. _ refers to the

28、phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors. Coarticulation选择题：1. p is different from k in _. D A. the manner of articulation B. the shape of the lipsC. the vibration of the vocal cords D. the place of articulation2. Which of the following is not one of the criteria of vow

29、el description? DA. The part of the tongue that is raised.B. The extent to which the tongue rises.C. The shape of the lips.D. The extent to which the teeth draw together.3. _ is an indispensable part of a syllable. DA. Coda B. Onset C. Stem D. Peak4. Vibration of the vocal cords results in_. DA. asp

30、iration B. nasality C. obstruction D. voicing5. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair? CA. but-pub. B. wet-which. C. cool-curl. D. fail-find.6. _ studies all the speech sounds that human beings produce. A A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics7._ is the study of speech sound in language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. AA. Phonology B. Lexicography C. Lexicology D. Morphology8. The plural affix in th