逻辑数据库设计外文翻译学位论文.docx
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逻辑数据库设计外文翻译学位论文
外文原文
Inmanyorganizations,databasedevelopmentfromthebeginningofenterprisedatamodeling,datamodelingenterprisesdeterminethescopeofthedatabaseandthegeneralcontent.Thisstepusuallyoccursinanorganization'sinformationsystemplanningprocess,itaimstohelporganizationscreateanoveralldatadescriptionorexplanation,andnotthedesignofaspecificdatabase.Aspecificdatabaseforoneormoreinformationsystemsprovidedataandthecorporatedatamodel(whichmayinvolveanumberofdatabases)describedbytheorganizationmaintainingthescopeofthedata.Datamodelingintheenterprise,youreviewofthecurrentsystem,theneedtosupportanalysisofthenatureofthebusinessareas,theneedforfurtherdescriptionoftheabstractdata,andplanningoneormoredatabasedevelopmentproject.Figure1showsPineValleyfurniturecompany'senterprisedatamodelofapart.
1.1InformationSystemArchitecture
Asshowninfigure1,seniordatamodelisonlygeneralinformationsystemarchitecture(ISA)orapartofanorganization'sinformationsystemblueprint.Intheinformationsystemplanning,youcanbuildanenterprisedatamodelasawholeinformationsystemarchitecturepart.AccordingtoZachman(1987),SowaandZachman(1992)viewsofaninformationsystemarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingsixkeycomponents:
Data(Figure1shows,butthereareothermethodsthat).
Manipulationofdataprocessing(ofadataflowdiagramcanbeused,withtheobjectmodelmethods,orothersymbolsthat).
Networks,whichorganizationsandinorganizationswithitsmaintransmissionofdatabetweenbusinesspartners(itcanconnectthroughthenetworktopologymapandtodemonstrate).
Peoplewhodealwiththeimplementationofdataandinformationandisthesourceandreceiver(intheprocessmodelforthedatashowsthatthesenderandthereceiver).
Implementationoftheeventsandtimepoints(theycanusestatetransitiondiagramandothermeans.)
Thereasonsfortheincidentanddataprocessingrules(oftenintheformoftextdisplay,buttherearealsoanumberofchartsfortheplanningtoolssuchasdecisiontables).
1.2InformationEngineering
Informationsystemsplannersinaccordancewiththespecificinformationsystemplanningmethodsdevelopedinformationsystemarchitecture.Informationengineeringisapopularandformalmethods.Informationengineeringisadata-orientedcreationandmaintenanceoftheinformationsystem.Informationengineeringisbecausethedata-oriented,sowhenyoubegintounderstandhowthedatabaseisdefinedbythelogoandwheninformationengineeringaconciseexplanationisveryhelpful.InformationEngineeringfollowtop-downplanningapproach,inwhichspecificinformationsystemsfromawiderangeofinformationneedsintheunderstandingderivedfrom(forexample,weneedaboutcustomers,products,suppliers,salesandprocessingofthedatacenter),ratherthanmergingmanydetailedinformationrequested(orderssuchasascreenorinaccordancewiththeimportationofgeographicalsalessummaryreport).Top-downplanningwillenabledeveloperstoplanmorecomprehensiveinformationsystem,considersystemcomponentsprovideanintegratedapproachtoenhancetheinformationsystemandtherelationshipbetweenthebusinessobjectivesoftheunderstanding,deepentheirunderstandingofinformationsystemsthroughouttheorganizationinunderstandingtheimpact.
InformationEngineeringincludesfoursteps:
planning,analysis,designandimplementation.Theplanningstageofprojectinformationgeneratedinformationsystemarchitecture,includingenterprisedatamodel.
1.3InformationSystemPlanning
InformationsystemsplanningobjectiveistoenableITorganizationsandthebusinessstrategycloselyintegrated,suchintegrationfortheinformationsystemsandtechnologytomakethemostoftheinvestmentinterestisveryimportant.Asthetableasadescription,informationengineeringapproachtheplanningstageincludethreesteps,weinthefollow-upofthreesectionstheydiscussed.
1.Criticalfactorsdeterminingtheplanning
Planningisthekeyfactorthatorganizationalobjectives,criticalsuccessfactorsandproblemareas.Thesefactorsdeterminethepurposeoftheestablishmentofplanningandenvironmentplanningandinformationsystemslinkedtostrategicbusinessplanning.Table2showsthePineValleyfurniturecompany'skeyplanninganumberofpossiblefactors,thesefactorscontributetotheinformationsystemsmanagerforthenewinformationsystemsanddatabasesclubstopprioritytodealwiththedemand.Forexample,giventheimprecisesalesforecaststhisproblemareas,informationsystemsmanagersintheorganizationmaybestoredinthedatabaseadditionalhistoricalsalesdata,newmarketresearchdataandnewproducttestdata.
2.Theplanningorganizationssettargets
Organizationsplanningtargetsdefinedscopeofbusiness,andbusinessscopewilllimitthesubsequentanalysisandinformationsystemsmaychangeplaces.Fivekeyplanningtargetsasfollows:
●organizationalunitsinthevarioussectors.
●organizationslocationoftheplaceofbusinessoperations.
●functionsofthebusinesssupportorganizationshandlingmissionoftherelevantgroup.Unlikebusinessorganizationsfunctionmodules,infactafunctioncanbeassignedtovariousorganizationsmodules(forexample,productdevelopmentfunctionistheproductionandsaleofthecommonresponsibilityoftheMinistry).
●typesofentitiesmanagedbytheorganizationonthepeople,placesandthingsofthemajortypesofdata.
●InformationSystemdatasetprocessingsoftwareapplicationsandsupportprocedures.
2databasedevelopmentprocess
Basedoninformationengineeringinformationsystemsplanningdatabaseisasourceofdevelopmentprojects.Thesenewdatabasedevelopmentprojectsisusuallyinordertomeetthestrategicneedsoforganizations,suchasimprovingcustomersupport,improveproductandinventorymanagement,oramoreaccuratesalesforecast.However,manymoredatabasedevelopmentprojectisthebottom-upapproachemerging,suchasinformationsystemuserneedsspecificinformationtocompletetheirwork,thusbeginningaprojectrequest,andasotherinformationsystemsexpertsfoundthatorganizationsneedtoimprovedatamanagementandbeginnewprojects.Bottom-upeveninthecircumstances,tosetupanenterprisedatamodelisalsonecessarytounderstandtheexistingdatabasecanprovidethenecessarydata,otherwise,thenewdatabase,dataentitiesandattributescanbeaddedtothecurrentdataresourcestotheorganization.
Boththestrategicneedsoroperationalinformationneedsofeachdatabasedevelopmentprojectsnormallyconcentratedinadatabase.Someprojectsonlyconcentratedinthedatabasedefinition,designandimplementationofadatabase,asafollow-uptothebasisofthedevelopmentofinformationsystems.However,inmostcases,thedatabaseandassociatedinformationprocessingfunctionasacompleteinformationsystemsdevelopmentprojectwaspartofthedevelopment.
2.1SystemDevelopmentLifeCycle
Guidemanagementinformationsystemdevelopmentprojectsisthetraditionalprocessofsystemdevelopmentlifecycle(SDLC).SystemdevelopmentlifecycleisanorganizationofthedatabasedesignersandprogrammersinformationsystemcomposedofthePanelofExpertsdetaileddescription,development,maintenanceandreplacementoftheentireinformationsystemsteps.ThisprocessisbecauseWaterfallthanforeverystepintotheadjacentthenextstep,thatis,theinformationsystemisaspecificationdevelopedbyapieceofland,everypieceoftheoutputisunderaninput.Howevershowninthefigure,thesestepsarenotpurelylinear,eachofthestepsoverlapintime(andthuscanmanageparallelsteps),butwhentheneedtoreconsiderpreviousdecisions,butalsotorollbacksomestepsahead.(Andthereforewatercanbeputbackinthewaterfall!
)
Figure4onthesystemdevelopmentlifecycleandthepurposeofeachstageoftheproductcanbedeliveredconcisenotes.Thesystemdevelopmentlifecycleincludingeachstageanddatabasedevelopment-relatedactivities,therefore,thequestionofdatabasemanagementsystemsthroughouttheentiredevelopmentprocess.InFigure5werepeatofthesystemdevelopmentlifecyclestageoftheseven,andoutlinesthecommondatabaseateachstageofdevelopmentactivities.Pleasenotethatthesystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesanddatabasedevelopmentsteps一一对应existsbetweentherelationshipbetweentheconceptofmodelingdatainbothsystemsdevelopmentlifecyclestagesbetween.
ConceptualDataModeling
OnehasalreadybegunontheInformationSystemproject,theconceptofdatamodelingphaseoftheinformationsystemsneedsofallthedata.Itisdividedintotwostages.First,itbegantheprojectintheplanningstageandtheestablishmentofaplansimilartoFigure1.Atthesametimeoutliningtheestablishmentofotherdocumentstotheexistingdatabasewithoutconsideringthecircumstancesspecificdevelopmentprojectsinthescopeoftherequireddata.Thiscategoryonlyincludeshigh-leveldata(entities),andmaincontact.Theninthesystemdevelopmentlife-cycleanalysisstagemusthaveamanagementinformationsystemsettheentireorganizationDetailsofthedatamodeldefinitionofalldataattributes,listingalldatatypesthatalldatainter-entitybusinesslinkages,definingdescriptionofthefulldataintegrityrules.Intheanalysisphase,butalsotheconceptofinspectiondatamodel(alsocalledtheconceptbehindthemodel)andthegoalofinformationsystemsusedtoexplainotheraspectsofthemodelofconsistencycategories,suchasprocess