英语语法之虚拟语气.docx
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英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气知识要点
一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中有三种语气：
1.陈述语气：
表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。
2.祁使语气：
表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。
3.虚拟语气：
表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假设、推测等。
二、虚拟语气的构成
If条件句
主句
与将来的事实相反
1Should+动词原形
2wereto+动词原形
would/should/could/might+动词原形
与现在的事实相反
1动词过去式+…
2were+…
would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去的事实相反
①had+过去分词
would/should/could/might+have+动词原形
例：
○与将来的事实相反：
1.IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldaskhimsomequestions.
2.Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.
3.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.
○与现在的事实相反：
1.Ifitrainednow,Iwouldnotgoshopping.
2.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
3.Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.
○与过去的事实相反：
1.IfIhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.
2.Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.
3.Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.
***请注意三种特殊情况：
○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。
如：
1.Shouldtherebenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.
2.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.
3.Hadshenotbeenill,shemighthavecome.
○错综时间条件句。
即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。
1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.（从句指现在，主句指过去。
）
2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.（从句指过去，主句指现在。
）
○含蓄条件句。
即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。
1.Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.
2.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.
3.Iwassobusythen,otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.
4.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.
5.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.
三、were式虚拟
○It’s（about/high）timethat…+过去式
1.It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.
2.It’shightimeweweregoing.
3.It’shightimethatpeoplelearntEnglish.
○would/hadratherthat…+过去式
1.I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.
2.I’dratheryouwerehappy.
（***请注意：
有时wouldrather也会接过去完成时。
）
1.I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.
2.I’dratheryouhadbeenpresent.
○
asif
asthough
evenif
eventhough
+过去完成时
从句动作发生在过去
+一般过去时
从句动作发生在现在
如：
1.Youlooksasifyouhadseenaghost!
2.Hetalksasifhewereanexpertineconomics.
3.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
（***请注意：
asif/though后的从句若表示真实情况时，用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
如：
Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.）
○虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中，其后的时态根据具体情况而定。
如：
1.Ifonlythedriverdidn’tdrivesofast!
2.IfonlyIwereabird.
3.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.
○wish之后的虚拟语气较为复杂。
wish
与现在的事实相反
①were+…
②could+动词原形
与过去的事实相反
①过去完成时
②could+现在完成时
与将来的事实相反
①would+动词原形
如：
1.IwishIwereyouagain.
2.IwishIcouldhelpyou.
3.Myfatherwishesthathehadgonetouniversity.
4.IwishIcouldhavebeentherelastyear.
5.Iwishthathewouldsettledownhere.
四、be式虚拟
○有些形容词之后的主语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
包括：
necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposal,decided,moved,incredible等。
如：
1.Itisnecessarythatwe（should）cleantheroomeveryday.
2.Itwillbedesired/suggested/decided/ordered/requestedthatshe（should）finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
○有些名词之后的主语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
如，Itwasapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）thatyou（should）besocareless.
○有些动词之后的宾语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
包括：
advise,direct,agree,ask,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest,recommend,plan,arrange,command,require,think,expect,believe,suspect,urge等。
1.Shesuggestedwe（should）leavehereatonce.
2.Thedoctororderedshe（should）beoperated.
○有些名词之后的表语/同位语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
包括：
suggestion,proposal,plan,motion,recommendation,demand,order,desire,request,requirement,insistence,advice,decision,idea等。
如：
1.Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）gothereatonce.
2.Whatdoyouthinkoftheproposalthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?
○forfearthat,incase,lest等之后的状语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
如，Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatit（should）bedamaged.
***请注意：
当insist表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
如：
1.ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhim.
2.Heinsistedthathewashonest.
○I’msorry/surprised/disappointed+从句。
从句中的虚拟语气为“should+动词原形”。
如;
Iamsorrythatheshouldbeinsuchpoorhealth.
真题回顾（共24题）
2004年（2题）
6.youradviceyesterday,Iwouldhavemissedthetrain.
A.HadInottakenB.IfIdidn’ttake
C.IfIhaven’ttakenD.ProvidedIdidn’ttake
25.Itishightimethatyoutheproblemcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldointhefuture.
A.arestudiedB.muststudy
C.studiedD.study
2005年（2题）
12.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.
A.beputoffB.wasputoff
C.willbeputoffD.shouldputoff
25.Mr.Smithwouldjustratherwenow,butwemustgotowork.
A.notleaveB.didn’tleave
C.arenottoleaveD.won’tleave
2006年（5题）
23.I_____alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.
（含蓄条件句）
A.shouldarriveB.wouldbearriving
C.couldhavearrivedD.arrived
29.Iwouldratheryou_____tothepartywithher.
A.goB.went
C.willgoD.hasgone
33.It’shightimewe_____somethingtostoproadaccidents.
A.aredoingB.did
C.willdoD.do
35.It’snecessarythattheproblem_____insomewayorother.
A.issettledBhasbeensettled
C.besettledD.wassettled
40.Iwishyou_____herelastnight.Allofuswerewaitingforyourarrival.
A.cameB.hadcome
C.comeD.willcome
2007年（2题）
11.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthe
materialtoitsburningtemperature.
A.isheatedB.willbeheated
C.beheatedD.wouldbeheated
13.Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,hemorebooks.
A.canwriteB.couldhavewritten
C.couldwriteD.havewritten
2008年（2题）
8.It’shightimeaboutthetrafficproblem.
A.somethingwasdoneB.somethingisdone
C.anythingwillbedoneD.nothingtobedone
21.I’mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam.Youhaveworkedharder.（含蓄条件句）
A.shouldB.must
C.wouldD.ought
2009年（1题）
6.Theteacherinsistedthatweourhomeworkbefore9o’clock.
A.finishedB.hadfinished
C.finishD.wasfinishing
2010年（2题）
10.Ipassedthetest.Iitwithoutyourhelp.
（含蓄条件句）
A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassed
C.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed
20.Itisnecessarythathethetaskbytheendofnextweek.
A.fulfillB.willfulfill
C.willhavefulfilledD.fulfills
2011年（3题）
6.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.
（虚拟语气的倒装）
A.WouldsheleaveB.Ifsheleave
C.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft
14.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.
A.isassignedB.willbeassigned
C.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned
37.foryourhelp,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.
（虚拟语气的倒装）
A.Hadn’titbeenB.Haditnotbeen
C.IfithadbeenD.Ifitwere
2013年（5题）
11.Myadviceisthatshetoapologizetohim.
A.goB.went
C.goesD.hasgone
15.Ifittoomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupoftea.
（含蓄条件句）
A.isn’tB.weren’t
C.wasn’tD.hadn’tbeen
26.Youdidn’ttakehisadvice.hisadvice,
yousuchamistake.
A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn’thavemade
B.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake
C.Wereyoutotake;shouldn’thavemade
D.Haveyoutaken;won’thavemade
28.Heasksthatheanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe’srefusedtogothere.
A.isgivenB.mustgive
C.shouldgiveD.begiven
29.Iamsorrythatheinsuchpoorhealth.
A.areB.shallbe
C.wereD.shouldbe
补充练习
1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou.”
A.doB.did
C.hadD.would
2.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou.”
A.don’tB.hadn’t
C.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
3.“Isn’titabouttimeyoutodomorningexercises?
”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus?
”
A.beginB.havebegun
C.beganD.hadbegun
4.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayif
Iinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen
C.shouldfallD.weretofall
5.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.
A.hadscoredB.scored
C.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
6.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
A.liesB.lay
C.hadlainD.shouldlie
7.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnightforustolive.
A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly
C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly
8.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.
A.hadsaidB.said
C.mightsayD.mighthavesaid
9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,Yousotired.
A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’tget
D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.
A.breaksB.hasbroken
C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
11.Butforthehelpyougaveme,Itheexaminations
A.wouldhavepassed.B.wouldpass
C.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass
12.ZhangLinwasaddictedtocomputer
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