英语 高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析.docx

英语 高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析.docx

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英语高中英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析及解析

（英语）高中英语阅读理解试题（有答案和解析）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Durian（榴莲）isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome（基因组）andfindout,

   Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

   Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

   However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

   Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

   Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.

（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?

A. Onionsnearby.                                                 

B. Twogenecopies.

C. Rotteningredientsinit.                                   

D. Volatilesulfurcompounds.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?

A. Developed.                        B. Escaped.                        C. Predicted.                        D. Tolerated.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A. Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.                         

B. Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.

C. Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.         

D. Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.

（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A. What'sDurian?

B. TheInfluenceoftheSmell

C. TheDistributionofDurian                               D. TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。

通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。

在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。

A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved是同义词。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。

由此可推断出选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。

新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。

最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。

由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   I'mnotmuchofagardener.Ilovehavingbeautifulflowers-butIdon'thaveagoodtrackrecordwhenitcomestomakingthemgrow.

   AfewmonthsafteroursonleftfortheMiddleEast,myfriendgiftedmeaboxoftulipbulbs（郁金香球茎）.Sheexplainedthatthesebulbswereputintothegroundinthefallandlaysleepingallwinter.Theyhadallthenutrientstheyneededinsidethebulbandwouldcomeoutinthespring.''Whenyouseetheleavesofthetinyflowerspushingtowardthesun,you'llknowthatit'salmosttimeforyoursontocomehome.They'llgiveyouwhatyouneedmost.''Shewalkedmethroughtheprocessofplantingthem.Ithankedher—tryingtoshowmygratitudeforhergift.

   Itwasalongwinter—coldanddark.IenduredboththeweatherandthelonelinessandfearIfeltwithmysonaway.Deadleaves,frostandfinallyaheavysnowcoveredtheareawhereI'dplantedthoseflowers,andIsoonforgottheywerethere.

   Finallytheweatherbegantowarm.Oneday,asIwalkeddownmyfrontsteps,Inoticedanareaofgreen.Ibentdowntoinspectthesituationmoreclearlyandsawthatthosetulipshadbeguntogrow,theirtinyleavesforcingtheirwaytothesun.

   DayafterdayInotedtheflowers'progress.Anddayafterday,thetimeapproachedwhenmysonwouldfinallybehome.Nowwithspringjustaroundthecorner,nothingcouldkeepeitherofusfrommarchingtowardthelight.Almostallofthosebulbsbloomed.Andwitheachbrightlycoloredflower,Imarkedoffonedayclosertogettingtoholdmysoninmyarmsagain.

（1）Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?

A.Sheisaprofessionalgardener.

B.Sheisnotgoodatgrowingflowers.

C.Sheneverplantsflowersathome.

D.Sheoftensendsfriendsflowersasgifts.

（2）Whydidthewriterforgetthetulipbulbssoon?

A.Thebitterwinterremindedherofhersonfaraway.

B.Shewasdiscouragedfrommakinganotherattempt.

C.Theyfailedtolivethroughthecoldandlongwinter.

D.Shehadnohopeforbeautifulflowersindeed.

（3）Whatwerethoseflowersmentionedinthelastparagraphreferredto?

A.Aphysicalrepresentationofthehope.

B.Thingsdeepinsideherheartandsoul.

C.Alessonshewillneverforgetcompletely.

D.Thetroubleshehadinmakingthemcomeout.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Adarkwinterwithhope.

B.Plantinghopeinwinter.

C.Anareaofgreeninspring.

D.Livingachangeablelife.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的儿子去了中东，作者感到孤独和寂寞。

一位朋友送来了一盒郁金香球茎，这种花的种植，给作者带来了希望。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“I'mnotmuchofagardener.Ilovehavingbeautifulflowers-butIdon'thaveagoodtrackrecordwhenitcomestomakingthemgrow.”我不是个好园丁，我喜欢漂亮的花，但我在种植方面没有良好的记录，可知，作者虽然喜欢花，但不擅长种花。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Itwasalongwinter—coldanddark…Deadleaves,frostandfinallyaheavysnowcoveredtheareawhereI'dplantedthoseflowers,andIsoonforgottheywerethere.”那是一个漫长的冬天——又冷又黑……枯叶、霜和最后那场雪覆盖了我种那些花的地方，我很快救忘记了它们的存在，可知，冬天很冷、很长，故推测作者忘记它们是因为觉得它们熬不过这个冬天，即没对它们抱有希望。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“DayafterdayInotedtheflowers'progress.Anddayafterday,thetimeapproachedwhenmysonwouldfinallybehome.”我日复一日的关注这花的成长。

一天又一天我的儿子终于要回家了；以及“Andwitheachbrightlycoloredflower,Imarkedoffonedayclosertogettingtoholdmysoninmyarmsagain.”每开一朵色彩鲜艳的花，都标志着我离再次把儿子抱在怀里的日子又近了一天，可知，每开一朵花就代表作者儿子的归来近了一天，即花就是儿子回来的希望。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“Sheexplainedthatthesebulbswereputintothegroundinthefallandlaysleepingallwinter.Theyhadallthenutrientstheyneededinsidethebulbandwouldcomeoutinthespring.''Whenyouseetheleavesofthetinyflowerspushingtowardthesun,you'llknowthatit'salmosttimeforyoursontocomehome.”她说这些郁金香球茎秋天种下，整个冬天都在土里。

它们的球茎内有生长所需的营养物质，到了春天的就会从土里出来。

当你看到这些小花的叶子朝着太阳的方向生长时，你就知道你的儿子差不多该回家了，可知，本文主要讲述了冬天种下的郁金香球茎在春天会长出来，这也意味着作者的儿子快要回来，即花代表着作者儿子回来的希望。

B故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Learning,FastandDeep

   Overthepastfiveyearsresearchersinartificialintelligencehavebecometherockstarsofthetechnologyworld.AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneural（神经的）networkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns,hasprovensousefulthatskilledpractitionerscancommandhighsix-figuresalariestobuildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.

   ThestandardrouteintothesejobshasbeenaPhDincomputersciencefromoneofAmerica'stopuniversities.Earningonetakesyearsandrequiresapersonalitysuitedtoacademia,whichisrareamongmorenormalfolk.

   Thatischanging.

   Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.Sinceitsfoundationithasattractedmorethan100,000studentsaroundtheglobefromIndiatoNigeria.Thecourseandotherslikeit,comewithasimpleidea:

thereisnoneedtospendyearsobtainingaPhDinordertopractisedeeplearning.Creatingsoftwarethatlearnscanbetaughtasacraft,notasahighintellectualpursuittobeundertakenonlyinanivorytower.Fast.ai'scoursecanbecompletedinjustsevenweeks.

   TomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearnhowtobuildAIsoftwareistheaimofJeremyHoward,whofoundedfast.aiwithRachelThomas,amathematician.Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient."No.Greek.Letters,"Mr.Howardintones,poundingthetablewithhisfistforpunctuation.

   SomeexpertsworrythatthiswillserveonlytocreateafloodofunreliableAIsystemswhichwillbeuselessatbestanddangerousatworst.IntheearliestdaysoftheInternet,onlyaselectfewnerds,namelycomputerholieswithspecificskills,couldbuildapplications.Notmanypeopleusedthem.ThentheinventionoftheWorldWideWebledtoanexplosionofwebpages,bothgoodandbad.ButitwasonlybyopeninguptoallthattheInternetgavebirthtoonlineshopping,instantglobalcommunicationsandsearch.IfMr.Howardandothershavetheirway,making