C语言库函数F类字母.docx

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C语言库函数F类字母.docx

C语言库函数F类字母

C语言库函数(F类字母)

函数名:

fabs

功能:

返回浮点数的绝对值

用法:

doublefabs(doublex);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

floatnumber=-1234.0;

printf("number:

%fabsolutevalue:

%f\n",

number,fabs(number));

return0;

}

函数名:

farcalloc

功能:

从远堆栈中申请空间

用法:

voidfar*farcalloc(unsignedlongunits,unsignedlingunitsz);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

charfar*fptr;

char*str="Hello";

/*allocatememoryforthefarpointer*/

fptr=farcalloc(10,sizeof(char));

/*copy"Hello"intoallocatedmemory*/

/*

Note:

movedataisusedbecauseyou

mightbeinasmalldatamodel,in

whichcaseanormalstringcopyroutine

cannotbeusedsinceitassumesthe

pointersizeisnear.

*/

movedata(FP_SEG(str),FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr),FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/*displaystring(notetheFmodifier)*/

printf("Farstringis:

%Fs\n",fptr);

/*freethememory*/

farfree(fptr);

return0;

}

函数名:

farcoreleft

功能:

返回远堆中未作用存储区大小

用法:

longfarcoreleft(void);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

printf("Thedifferencebetweenthe\

highestallocatedblockinthe\

far\n");

printf("heapandthetopofthefarheap\

is:

%lubytes\n",farcoreleft());

return0;

}

函数名:

farfree

功能:

从远堆中释放一块

用法:

voidfarfree(void);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

charfar*fptr;

char*str="Hello";

/*allocatememoryforthefarpointer*/

fptr=farcalloc(10,sizeof(char));

/*copy"Hello"intoallocatedmemory*/

/*

Note:

movedataisusedbecauseyoumightbeinasmalldatamodel,

inwhichcaseanormalstringcopyroutinecan'tbeusedsinceit

assumesthepointersizeisnear.

*/

movedata(FP_SEG(str),FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr),FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/*displaystring(notetheFmodifier)*/

printf("Farstringis:

%Fs\n",fptr);

/*freethememory*/

farfree(fptr);

return0;

}

函数名:

farmalloc

功能:

从远堆中分配存储块

用法:

voidfar*farmalloc(unsignedlongsize);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

charfar*fptr;

char*str="Hello";

/*allocatememoryforthefarpointer*/

fptr=farmalloc(10);

/*copy"Hello"intoallocatedmemory*/

/*

Note:

movedataisusedbecausewemight

beinasmalldatamodel,inwhichcase

anormalstringcopyroutinecannotbe

usedsinceitassumesthepointersize

isnear.

*/

movedata(FP_SEG(str),FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr),FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/*displaystring(notetheFmodifier)*/

printf("Farstringis:

%Fs\n",fptr);

/*freethememory*/

farfree(fptr);

return0;

}

函数名:

farrealloc

功能:

调整远堆中的分配块

用法:

voidfar*farrealloc(voidfar*block,unsignedlongnewsize);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

charfar*fptr;

fptr=farmalloc(10);

printf("Firstaddress:

%Fp\n",fptr);

fptr=farrealloc(fptr,20);

printf("Newaddress:

%Fp\n",fptr);

farfree(fptr);

return0;

}

函数名:

fclose

功能:

关闭一个流

用法:

intfclose(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*fp;

charbuf[11]="0123456789";

/*createafilecontaining10bytes*/

fp=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w");

fwrite(&buf,strlen(buf),1,fp);

/*closethefile*/

fclose(fp);

return0;

}

函数名:

fcloseall

功能:

关闭打开流

用法:

intfcloseall(void);

程序例:

#include

intmain(void)

{

intstreams_closed;

/*opentwostreams*/

fopen("DUMMY.ONE","w");

fopen("DUMMY.TWO","w");

/*closetheopenstreams*/

streams_closed=fcloseall();

if(streams_closed==EOF)

/*issueanerrormessage*/

perror("Error");

else

/*printresultoffcloseall()function*/

printf("%dstreamswereclosed.\n",streams_closed);

return0;

}

函数名:

fcvt

功能:

把一个浮点数转换为字符串

用法:

char*fcvt(doublevalue,intndigit,int*decpt,int*sign);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

char*string;

doublevalue;

intdec,sign;

intndig=10;

clrscr();

value=9.876;

string=ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string=%sdec=%d\

sign=%d\n",string,dec,sign);

value=-123.45;

ndig=15;

string=ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string=%sdec=%dsign=%d\n",

string,dec,sign);

value=0.6789e5;/*scientific

notation*/

ndig=5;

string=ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string=%sdec=%d\

sign=%d\n",string,dec,sign);

return0;

}

函数名:

fdopen

功能:

把流与一个文件句柄相接

用法:

FILE*fdopen(inthandle,char*type);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

inthandle;

FILE*stream;

/*openafile*/

handle=open("DUMMY.FIL",O_CREAT,

S_IREAD│S_IWRITE);

/*nowturnthehandleintoastream*/

stream=fdopen(handle,"w");

if(stream==NULL)

printf("fdopenfailed\n");

else

{

fprintf(stream,"Helloworld\n");

fclose(stream);

}

return0;

}

函数名:

feof

功能:

检测流上的文件结束符

用法:

intfeof(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

/*openafileforreading*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","r");

/*readacharacterfromthefile*/

fgetc(stream);

/*checkforEOF*/

if(feof(stream))

printf("Wehavereachedend-of-file\n");

/*closethefile*/

fclose(stream);

return0;

}

函数名:

ferror

功能:

检测流上的错误

用法:

intferror(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

/*openafileforwriting*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w");

/*forceanerrorconditionbyattemptingtoread*/

(void)getc(stream);

if(ferror(stream))/*testforanerroronthestream*/

{

/*displayanerrormessage*/

printf("ErrorreadingfromDUMMY.FIL\n");

/*resettheerrorandEOFindicators*/

clearerr(stream);

}

fclose(stream);

return0;

}

函数名:

fflush

功能:

清除一个流

用法:

intfflush(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

voidflush(FILE*stream);

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

charmsg[]="Thisisatest";

/*createafile*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w");

/*writesomedatatothefile*/

fwrite(msg,strlen(msg),1,stream);

clrscr();

printf("Pressanykeytoflush\

DUMMY.FIL:

");

getch();

/*flushthedatatoDUMMY.FILwithout\

closingit*/

flush(stream);

printf("\nFilewasflushed,Pressanykey\

toquit:

");

getch();

return0;

}

voidflush(FILE*stream)

{

intduphandle;

/*flushthestream'sinternalbuffer*/

fflush(stream);

/*makeaduplicatefilehandle*/

duphandle=dup(fileno(stream));

/*closetheduplicatehandletoflush\

theDOSbuffer*/

close(duphandle);

}

函数名:

fgetc

功能:

从流中读取字符

用法:

intfgetc(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

charstring[]="Thisisatest";

charch;

/*openafileforupdate*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w+");

/*writeastringintothefile*/

fwrite(string,strlen(string),1,stream);

/*seektothebeginningofthefile*/

fseek(stream,0,SEEK_SET);

do

{

/*readacharfromthefile*/

ch=fgetc(stream);

/*displaythecharacter*/

putch(ch);

}while(ch!

=EOF);

fclose(stream);

return0;

}

函数名:

fgetchar

功能:

从流中读取字符

用法:

intfgetchar(void);

程序例:

#include

intmain(void)

{

charch;

/*prompttheuserforinput*/

printf("Enteracharacterfollowedby\

:

");

/*readthecharacterfromstdin*/

ch=fgetchar();

/*displaywhatwasread*/

printf("Thecharacterreadis:

'%c'\n",

ch);

return0;

}

函数名:

fgetpos

功能:

取得当前文件的句柄

用法:

intfgetpos(FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

charstring[]="Thisisatest";

fpos_tfilepos;

/*openafileforupdate*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w+");

/*writeastringintothefile*/

fwrite(string,strlen(string),1,stream);

/*reportthefilepointerposition*/

fgetpos(stream,&filepos);

printf("Thefilepointerisatbyte\

%ld\n",filepos);

fclose(stream);

return0;

}

函数名:

fgets

功能:

从流中读取一字符串

用法:

char*fgets(char*string,intn,FILE*stream);

程序例:

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

FILE*stream;

charstring[]="Thisisatest";

charmsg[20];

/*openafileforupdate*/

stream=fopen("DUMMY.FIL","w+");

/*writeastringintothefile*/

fwrite(string,strlen(string),1,stream);

/*seektothestartofthefile*/

fseek(stream,0,SEEK_SET);

/*readastringfromthefile*/

fgets(msg,strlen(string)+1,stream);

/*displaythestring*/

printf("%s",msg);

fclose(stream);

return0;

}

函数名:

filelength

功能:

取文件长度字节数

用法:

longfilelength(inthandle);

程序例:

#include

#include

#include

#include

intmain(void)

{

inthandle;

charbuf[11]="0123456789";

/*createafilecontaining10bytes*/

handle=open("DUMMY.FIL",O_CREAT);

write(handle,buf,strlen(buf));

/*displaythesizeofthefile*/

printf("filelengthinbytes:

%ld\n",

filelength(handle));

/*closethefile*/

close(handle);

return0;

}

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