世界卫生组织采纳的针灸穴位标准一.docx
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WHOStandard
aCUPUnCtUrEPOIntLOCatIOnS
IntHEWEStErnPaCIfICrEgIOn
UpdatedandReprinted2009
WHOLibraryCataloguinginPublicationdata
WHOStandardAcupuncturePointLocationsintheWesternPacificRegion
1.Medicine,traditional.2.acupuncturePointLocations
ISBN9789290612487 (NLMClassification:
WB50)
©WorldHealthOrganization(2008)
PublicationsoftheWorldHealthOrganizationenjoycopyrightprotectioninaccordancewiththeprovisionsofProtocol2oftheUniversalCopyrightConvention.forrightsofreproductionortranslationofWHOpublications,inpartorintoto,applicationshouldbemadetotheOfficeofPublications,WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland,ortotheRegionalOfficefortheWesternPacific,Manila,Philippines.TheWorldHealthOrganizationwelcomessuchapplications.
thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheWorldHealthOrganizationconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.
Thementionofspecificcompaniesorofcertainmanufacturers’productsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Errorsandommissionsexcepted,thenamesofproprietaryproductsaredistinguishedbyinitialcapitalletters.
theauthorsaloneareresponsiblefortheviewsexpressedinthispublication.
taBLEOfCOntEntS
fOrEWOrd
v
aCKnOWLEdgEMEntS
vii
gEnEraLgUIdELInESfOraCUPUnCtUrEPOIntLOCatIOnS
1
WHOStandardaCUPUnCtUrEPOIntLOCatIOnS
23
LungMeridian
25
LargeIntestineMeridian
33
StomachMeridian
45
SpleenMeridian
69
HeartMeridian
81
SmallIntestineMeridian
87
BladderMeridian
99
KidneyMeridian
135
PericardiumMeridian
151
TripleEnergizerMeridian
157
gallbladderMeridian
171
LiverMeridian
195
governorVessel
203
ConceptionVessel
219
rEfErEnCES
233
ANNEX
235
fOrEWOrd
Alongwithherbalmedicine,acupuncturehasbeenusedformorethan2500yearsasoneofthemainpillarsoftraditionalmedicineintheWesternPacificRegion.Accordingly,theWHORegionalCommitteefortheWesternPacificadoptedresolutionssupportingtheproperuseofacupunctureandherbalmedicinein1985and1987.
Withtheaimofstandardizationinthefieldofacupuncture,theWHORegionalOfficefortheWesternPacificorganizedaWorkingGroupfortheStandardizationofAcupuncturenomenclaturein1981and,after10yearsofeffort,aconsensuswasreachedontheproposedstandardinternationalacupuncturenomenclature.In1991,AProposedStandardInternationalAcupunctureNomenclaturewaspublishedbyWHOHeadquartersandarevisededitionofStandardAcupunctureNomenclaturewaspublishedbytheWHORegionalOfficefortheWesternPacific.
Itwasreported,however,thattherewascontroversyamongMemberStatesregardingapproximatelyone-fourthofregularacupuncturepointlocations,raisingdoubtsanduncertaintyregardingtheefficacyandsafetyofacupuncturetreatment.Itisnotknownwhenthisdisparityinlocationofacupuncturepointsfirstarosebut,inrecentdecades,therehasbeenagrowinginternationaldemandforstandardizationofacupuncturepointlocationsforeducation,researchandclinicalpractice.However,sinceeachMemberStatehasitsowninitiativesandtraditions,internationalstandardizationofacupuncturepointlocationshasprovedextremelydifficult.
Asaninitialstepinstandardizingacupuncturepointlocations,theWHOWesternPacificRegionalOfficeconvenedthefirstInformalConsultationontheDevelopmentofWHOStandardofacupuncturePointLocationsinOctober2003.ExpertsfromChina,JapanandtherepublicofKoreaattendedthatconsultation,and10furtherserialmeetingswereorganizedsubsequentlybytheRegionalOffice.Inthebeginning,itappeareditwouldbealmostimpossibletoharmonizetheactivitiesofthevariousparticipants.However,withthepassingoftimeandthedevelopmentofmutualunderstandingandtrust,theexpertsmanagedtoreachaconsensusonmostofthecontroversialacupuncturepointlocations,onebyone.Ittookthreeyearstoachieveasetofinternationallyunifiedacupuncturepointlocations,aneffortthathasprovidedafirmandsolidbasisinthefieldofacupuncture.
Recently,modernscientificapparatus,suchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(f-MRI)andpositronemissiontomography(PET)hasbeenutilizedforacupunctureresearch.However,thatresearchhasnotfocused