Comparison of Political System in the United Kingd.docx

Comparison of Political System in the United Kingd.docx

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ComparisonofPoliticalSystemintheUnitedKingd

ComparisonofPoliticalSystemintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates

Abstract:

TheUKisaunitarydemocracyandistypicalofaconstitutionalmonarchy.Themainfeatureisthe"parliamentarysupremacy",thecabinetisthecoreofsovereignpower,phantom,well-organizedpoliticalparties.ThecreationofthefirstsetofWesterncapitalistpoliticalsystemsisknownasthesourceandmodelofWesternpoliticalsystem.TheUSAisafederalstate,anditsformofgovernmentispresidentialsystem. Theseparationofthethreepowers ,politicalsystemofchecksandbalancesandthebipartisanpoliticalsystemwhichareonthebasisofAbsoring,drawinglessonsfromBritish,thenformingperfectpoliticalsystem。

Thisarticleisfromthecorepartofpoliticalsystem-----constitution,politicalparty,electionthreerespectstocompare,ThusstudyfromthewesternpoliticalsystemandacceleratetheconstructionofmodernpoliticalcivilizationChina.

KeyWords:

PoliticalsystemofBritainAmericapoliticalsystemComparison

Introduction

USAisafederalstate,andformofgovernmentispresidentialsystem.Theimplementationoftheseparationofthethreepowersofpoliticalsystemandpoliticalpartysystemofbipartisanshipincombinationwithchecksandbalances.TheUKisaunitarystate.Organizationalformofpoliticalpoweristhecabinetsystem,Thepoliticalsystemandpoliticalpartysystempracticedinconstitutionalmonarchyandthebipartisan.

1、AcomparisonofBritishandAmericanConstitution

Thebasicprincipleofthewesterncountriesconstitutionisthewesternbourgeoisthinkers,whomakeasummaryOnthecountry,thegovernmentandthepublicandothertheory.Itmainlyincludes:

"thesovereigntyofthepeople","Theprivatepropertyissacredandinviolable","ruleoflaw","separationofpowersandchecksandbalances","Theprotectionofthefundamentalrightsofcitizens"fiveprinciplesandsoon.TheseprinciplesinBritainandtheUnitedStatesConstitutionhasbeenreflectedin.Butbecauseboththehistoricalbackgroundandthedifferentnationalconditions,theconstitutionaredifferent.

Britainisatypicalcountrywiththeunwrittenconstitution，withoutunifiedandcompletewrittenform.Itsconstitutionalsystemextremelycomplicated,whichiscomposedofwrittenlawsorunwritten,jurisprudenceandConstitutionalConvention.Suchasthe1215 "theGreatCharter”1628 "thePetitionofRights”and1689"theBillofRights"andsoonTheBritishconstitutionlacksrigorousexplicitcontent,butalsolacksend-to-endintegratedsystem.

Americanconstitutionisthefirstwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Intheprocessofdevelopment,Americaconstitutionformedfourmainprinciples:

separationofpowersandchecksandbalances,thefederalsystem,powerlimitedgovernmentandjudicialreview.Americanconstitutioncarriedoutthreerightseparationcompletely,theprovisionsofthelegislative,judicialandadministrativeseparation.USACongress,federalcourtsandpresidentialareontheirownduties,Aswellasbetweenthefederalgovernment,stateandlocalgovernmentsarealsoverycleardivisionoflabor.First,congressisalegislativeinstitution.UnlessthefederalcourtdeclaredthatthelawdisobeyConstitution,Otherwise,Congresspassedthelawcanlimitanyone.Second,CongresshasFinancialpower,andtheimplementationoftherighttoimpeachdeclarewar,governmentofficialsandthepresident.ThefederalcourtisseparationofthethreepowersandchecksandbalancesinanimportantweightinUSA.Inadditiontoadministrativefunctionandlegislativefunction,Themostimportantisthesupervisionfunctionandthejudicialfunction.Thejudgeenjoysconstitutionalstatus,wasappointedtoupholdtheconstitutionguards;TheSupremeCourtisthelawenforcementagencies,judgesintheinterpretationoftheConstitutionandhastherightoffinalspeechinthelaw.

First,thebiggestdifferencebetweentheBritishconstitutionandUSAconstitutionischaracteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionisflexibleconstitution,itcanbechangeormodifyparliament,whileAmericanconstitutionalruleisrigid.Second,theBritishconstitutionisconserved,Pastdynastiessystemfollowsthepreviousgenerationsystemandreform.but Americanconstitutionrelativelyopen.Third,theBritishconstitutionhascontinuity.ThiscontinuitydependsonEnglandnationallife.Finally,theBritishconstitutiontheoryandpracticeareofteninconsistent.BecausetheBritishpoliticsdevelopfromdictatorshipgraduallytotheconstitutionalpolitics.

FollowingtablecomparestheBritainandAmericanConstitutionfromsixaspects,intuitiveandclear.

Project

TheBritish（cabinet）

American（separationofthethreepowers）

Select

the house of commonsmajoritypartyleadersholdthepostoftheprimeminister,primeministerisresponsibletotheparliament.

Thepresidentisindirectvoteedbythevoters

TherelationshipwiththeCongress

 Hastherighttodissolveparliament,Congressmayalsorecallthecabinet,mutualrestraint

Norighttodissoluteparliament,Congresshadnopowertoremovethepresidentfromoffice,Therelationshipisparallel

executiveauthority

Theexecutiveauthorityisinthehandsoftheprimeminister，Thekingdoesnothaverealadministrativeresponsibility

 Theexecutivepowerinthepresident'shand,whoistheheadofcountryandhastherightofexecutiveauthority

Theappointofprincipal

 theprimeminister occupy，Eachdepartment’s ministeriselectedbytheprimeministerinthepartymembers

Assecretaryofstate,andforeignminister，Andtheotherheadsofdepartmentsareelectedbythepresident

termofoffice

Nospecialrestrictions，italldependsonwhetherprimeminister canobtainthemajorityofseatsinthehouseofcommons

Foratermoffouryears，reelectedtoserveasecondterm，dischargedforthefullterm,

succeed

Onlyprimeminister，Whentheprimeministervacancy，thehouseofcommons’smanypartieselectleaderstosucceed

Presidentandvicepresidenteachone，whenpresidentvacancy，vicepresidentsucceed

ComparisonofBritishandAmericanpoliticalpartysystem

Thepartyhasaspecialpositioninwesterncountriesinpoliticalsystem.Ithasacloserelationshipwiththeelection,Parliament,cabinetsystem,Sowesternpoliticalalsocalledpartypolitics.Asthecenterofsocialandpoliticallifeoftheparty,isconnectedwithvariousfactorsinthepoliticalsystem.anddeepparticipateinallfieldsandaspectsofsocialandpoliticallife.ThepartyalsoplaysanvitalroleintheBritishandAmericanpoliticallife.Twodevelopedcapitalistcountriespoliticalsystem.Notonlyreflectsomeuniversalvaluesofdevelopmentfromthehumanpoliticscivilizationtoindustrialization,andtheeraofinformation,butalsoreflectsthehistoryandthecurrentsituationofthetwocountriesonthebasisoftheiroriginalityandcreativity.ononehand,theycanprovideareferencefortheconstructionofpoliticalsystemofothercountriesintheworld,ontheotherhand,Providingsecurityfortheirownpoliticalcivilizationdevelopmentandthedevelopmentofeconomyandtechnology.Intheprocessofindustrialization,informatization,AndChinaiscommittedtothepoliticalsystem,politicalcivilizationconstructionandinnovation,TheBritishandAmericanpoliticalsystemandpoliticalcivilizationAlsohasaveryimportantreferencevalueandenlightening.

Britainisthebirthplaceofmodernpartypolitics,andistypicalofthenationalwiththetwopartysystem.Britishpoliticsaredominatedmorethan100yearsbytwoimportantparty,ThefirstistheToryandwhig,ThentheConservativePartyandtheliberalparty,LatertheConservativePartyandthelabourparty.TheBritishpoliticalsystemhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

 ⑴combinedwiththeparliamentarycabinetsystem,therulingpartyandtheoppositionpartyintheformofclearboundaries.Britainisaparliamentarycabinetsystem,andhasthehouseofcommonsandthehouseofLords.MembersofthehouseofLordsdonotcomefromelection,butfrom nobilityhereditaryorappointedbyking.whichhasnothingtodowithpoliticalparties.MembersofthehouseofCommonsisfromelection.ThetwomajorpoliticalpartiescompeteforthehouseofCommonsseats. Obtainingmoreseatstoformacabinet,whichpoliticalparty’sleadertobetheprimeminister,andmasterthepowerofgovernment.Cabinetofthepartyistherulingparty,Therulingpartymasterthecabinetpower,andmasterthepowerofthehouseofcommons.Theelectiondidnotreceiveamajorityofthepartyistheoppositionpartyoropposition.Oppositionpartiesareresponsibleforsupervisingthegovernment,andcanbecomposedofMinisters"shadowcabinet".Therulingpartyandtheoppositionintheformofclearboundaries.TheBritishlawrulesthatthehouseofCommonselectedevery5years.Butthefactofre-electionisnotperiodic.Becausetheparliamenthastherighttodecidetoextendthemandate,Atthesametime,theprimeministerwillalsobereadytopetitionthekingtodissolvetheparliament,andputforwardelection.⑵Thetwomajorpoliticalpartiesadoptcentralism.Mainlyperformanceintheseways:

Whetherthecentralorlocal,eachpartyhasacomplete.Organization;hasstrictorganizationaldiscipline;Especiallythepartyhasstrictrulesonparliamentaryvote.Intheparliament,thepoliticalpartiesarerequiredtoitsmembersasagroupandneedtoaccordingtotheleader'sintentionstovoteinaimportantvote.Otherwise,thememberswillbeseverelypunished.

Americaisalsoatypicalcountryofimplementthetwopartysystem,Americapartysystemhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

⑴associatedwiththeDemocratic