英语语言学试题.docx

英语语言学试题.docx

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英语语言学试题

英语语言学试题（5）

一、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题2分，共20分）

1.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa（）study.

A.comparativeB.diachronic

C.up-to-dateD.descriptive

2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.

A.auditoryB.acoustic

C.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree

3.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,?

?

presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.?

?

Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.

A.phonemesB.morphemes

C.allophonesD.phones

4.Sinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergeneratvielinguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversalgrammarknownasthe（）theory.

A.speechactB.TG

C.principles-and-parametersD.minimalistprogramme

5.Onewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis（）.

A.predicationanalysisB.stylisticanalysis

C.componentialanalysisD.propositionanalysis

6.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe（-）becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker’sintention.

A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryact

C.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact

7.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（?

）.

A.SirWilliamJonesB.JohnFirth

C.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.Saussure

8.Abilingualspeakeroftenusestwolanguagesalternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingualspeaker,?

?

aspeechsituationknownas（?

）.

A.discourserole-switchingB.activityrole-switching

C.socialrole-switchingD.code-switching

9.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners’（?

）.

A.secondlanguageB.firstlanguage

C.foreignlanguageD.interlanguage

10.ItisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround（?

）.

A.7800B.6800

C.5800D.4800

二、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）

11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.

12.Whenpitch,?

?

stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi________.

13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a________aredividedintotwokinds:

prefixesandsuffixes.

14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.

15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.

16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.

17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.

18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.

19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.?

?

Thisisknownaslanguaget________.

20.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.

三、判断说明题（判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明理由。

每小题2分，共20分）

21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.（）

22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.（）

23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.（）

24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.（）

25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.（）

26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.（）

27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.（）

28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituationsknownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.（）

29.Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforlanguageisfoundtoexistinanoverwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.（）

30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysiswasdeveloped.（）

四、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）

31.competenceandperformance

32.minimalpair

33.morphology

34.finiteclause

35.senseandreference

36.CooperativePrinciple

37.semanticbroadening

38.languageplanning

39.thecriticalperiodhypothesis

40.instrumentalmotivationvs.?

?

integrativemotivation

五、论述题（第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分）

41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?

42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.

Thegirlatetheorange.

43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeare’sHAMLETbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenElizabethanandModernEnglishthatisevident.

King:

WhereisPolonius?

Hamlet:

Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.

Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,

seekhimi’theotherplaceyourself.

Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithin

thismonth,youshallnosehimasyou

goupthestairsintothelobby.

ActIV,Sceneiii

英语语言学试题（9）

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%×10=20%）

1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.

A.aparticularlanguage

B.theEnglishlanguage

C.humanlanguagesingeneral

D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

__________.

A.voiceless,bilabial,stop

B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative

C.voiced,bilabial,stop?

?

?

?

?

?

D.voiced,labiodental,fricative

3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa（n）__________.

A.derivationalmorpheme

B.freemorpheme

C.inflectionalmorpheme

D.freeform

4.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas__________.

A.isequalto?

?

B.consistsof

C.has?

?

D.generates

5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".

A.entailsB.presupposes

C.isinconsistentwith

D.issynonymouswith

6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.

X:

Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?

Y:

Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?

A.qualityB.quantity

C.relationD.manner

7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

A.phrasesB.sentences

C.morphemesD.utterances

8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.

A.sociallyB.linguistically

C.culturallyD.pragmatically

9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople?

__________.

A.languageandspeech

B.visualandspatialskills

C.readingandwriting?

?

?

?

?

?

D.analyticreasoning

10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.

A.babbling?

?

B.one-word

C.two-word?

?

D.multiword

Ⅱ.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticf?

?

?

?

?

?

beforetheycandoanythingelse.

12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

rules.

13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.

14.Asentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchas"and","but","or".

15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds?

?

?

?

?

?

.

16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheC?

?

?

principleproposedbyJ.Grice.

17.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

acrossgenerations.

18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthesattitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.

19.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"sspeech,"andspeechas"overtthought."Insuchacase,speakingandthinkingtakeplacesimultaneously.

20.ItisthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.

Ⅲ.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.（2%×10=20%）

21.（?

?

）Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe"bestauthors"for