英语语言学试题.docx

1、英语语言学试题英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a () study.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highl

2、y developed, is () phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular,?present tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspect.?Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also (

3、).A. phonemes B. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ()theory.A. speech actB. TGC. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ()

4、.A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysisC. componential analysis D. proposition analysis6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the (-) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention.A. locutionary act B. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary act D.

5、constative act7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar (? ).A. Sir William Jones B. John Firth C. M. A. K. Halliday D. F. D. Saussure8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker,

6、?a speech situation known as (? ).A. discourse role-switching B. activity role-switching C. social role-switching D. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners(? ).A. second language B. first language C. foreign language D. interlanguage10. It i

7、s estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around (? ).A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study.12. When pitch,?stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather

8、 than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_.13. According to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful

9、 is governed by rules called s_ restrictions.16. The u_ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the

10、original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.18. R_ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language.?This is known as language t_.20. A related issue with integrative motiv

11、ation has been the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is called a _.三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ( )22. The assimilation rule assimilates o

12、ne sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( )23. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( )24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called

13、 transformational rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. ( )25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( )26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the co

14、ntext of language use was left unconsidered. ( )27. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. ( )28. When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situa

15、tions known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ( )29. Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ( )30. In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure C

16、ontrastive Analysis was developed. ( )四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)31. competence and performance32. minimal pair33. morphology34. finite clause35. sense and reference36. Cooperative Principle37. semantic broadening38. language planning39. the critical period hypothesis40. instrumental motivation vs.?integrati

17、ve motivation五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure. The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeares HAMLET below carefully a

18、nd identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident. King: Where is Polonius? Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i the other place yourself. But indeed, if you find him not within this month, you shall

19、nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（9） I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. Linguistics is the scientific

20、 study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative

21、C. voiced, bilabial, stop? ? ?D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4. In the phrase structure rule SNP VP, the arrow

22、 can be read as _. A. is equal to?B. consists of C. has?D. generates 5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _. X: Who was that you were with l

23、ast night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B

24、. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances 8. In a speech community people have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it. A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the con

25、trol of the left hemisphere in most people? _. A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing? ? ?D. analytic reasoning 10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling? ? B. one-word C. two-word? ? D. multiword . Direct

26、ions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of langu

27、age, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f? ? ?before they can do anything else. 12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s? ? ? ? ?rules. 13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme

28、. 14. A sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as and, but, or. 15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s? ? ?. 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C? ? principl

29、e proposed by J. Grice. 17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t? ? ? ? ?across generations. 18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexis

30、t.19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as s speech, and speech as overt thought. In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously. 20. It is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. . Directions: Ju

31、dge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21. (? ? ) An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the best authors for