职称英语阅读完形填空.docx

职称英语阅读完形填空.docx

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职称英语阅读完形填空职称英语阅读完形填空SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinteensWhilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto“self-medicate”againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually_1_depressivesymptomsinsometeens。

“Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived_2_benefitsofsmokingamongteens,”saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto.“_3_cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating_4_ortoimprovemood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms。

”Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires_5_theiruseofcigarettesofaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschools_6_inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods。

Participantsweredividedintothree_7_:

neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysical_8_;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowoftenparticipantsfelttootiredtodothings;had_9_goingtosleeporstaying_10_;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings。

“Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood_11_hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,”saysco-researcherJenniferOLoughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine.“Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof_12_depressivesymptoms。

”The_13_betweendepressionandsmokingexists_14_amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter.“Its_15_toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke,”saysDr.Chaiton。

1.AexamineBincreaseCdecreaseDdiagnose2.AsocialBfinancialCemotionalDpolitical3.AWhateverBAlthoughCWheneverDSWhat4.AeffectsBmethodsCstepsDdirections5.AbesideBbeyondCinDabout6.AexposedBexpandedClocatedDdetected7.AgroupsBsetsCspeciesDversions8.AworldBactivityCstateDbeauty9.AtimeBcourageCenergyDtrouble10.AasleepBawakeCstillDsilent11.AreducersBimproversCcreatorsDremovers12.AchangingBidentifyingCdevelopingDovercoming13.AdifferenceBassociationCcooperationDagreement14.AoccasionallyBscarcelyCprobablyDprincipally15.AillogicalBunscientificCmeaninglessDimportant译文：

吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪有些青少年可能会一口接一口地吸烟来消除抑郁，进行所谓的“自我治疗”。

然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大学的科学家却发现，事实上，吸烟会加重某些青少年的抑郁情绪。

“这项研究是检验吸烟是否可以给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一，”首席研究员MichaelChaiton如是说，他是Toronto大学Ontario烟草研究组织的助理研究员，“尽管吸烟能在短时间能起到自我治疗的作用，能振奋精神，但根据青少年自我报告的情况，我们发现，从长远看，吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁症状。

”这项研究的内容之一是，约662名高中生完成一份包括20道问题的问卷，问卷的问题是关于吸烟对情绪的影响。

入选的中学学生既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有乡村的，并分布在高档、中档和低档不同社区。

参与调查者分成三组：

一组从不吸烟，一组吸烟但不是为了自我治疗，调节情绪或者改善身体状态，另一组是利用吸烟自我治疗的吸烟者。

参与者被问及下列问题：

多久会感到倦怠不堪，不想做任何事；多久会出现难以入睡甚至不能入睡的情况；每隔多久会不开心、难过或沮丧；多久会出现对未来绝望的心态；每隔多久会感到烦恼紧张，对所有事情都过分焦虑。

收集到的答案用来衡量抑郁症状的轻重。

“通过吸烟缓解抑郁的吸烟者比不吸烟的青少年更容易加重抑郁症状，”Montreal大学社会和预防医学系教授，研究合作者JenniferOLoughlin总结说，“我们研究发现，问卷反馈回来的那些利用吸烟获得精神慰籍的青少年更容易加重抑郁。

”抑郁和吸烟之间的联系主要体现在那些利用吸烟愉悦心情的青少年身上。

“值得重视的是，那些在问卷中反映吸烟能带来精神安慰的青少年，他们在问卷中所得的抑郁评分也较高，”Chaiton博士说。

SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinteensBCBADCACDABCBDDBatteriesbuiltbyVirusesWhatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?

Theyrealldiseasescausedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.Itsnowonderthatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearofvirusesiswhatsonpeoplesminds.Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though.InCambridge,Massachusetts,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputtingvirusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworldssmallestrechargeablebatteries.Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,buttheyrenotsostrangeforengineerAngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwiththeidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology（thestudyoflivingthings）,technologyandproductiontechniques.BelchersteamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,andYet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery.“Wereworkingonthingswetraditionallydontassociatewithnature,”saysHammond.Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteriesinyourhandandthecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybatterieswontbesmallenoughtofitinside.Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belchersmodelbattery,ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses,lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside,itscomponentsareverysmallsotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?

Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyourhead（unlessthatseemstoopainful）.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairisprettythin,right?

Althoughthewidthofeachpersonshairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteries（“micro”meansverysmall）maychangethewaywelookatviruses.LongerLivesforWildElephantsMostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals，wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdontexist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldagelButmatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.ScientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealthTheydevelopdiseases，jointproblemsandbehaviorchangesSometimestheyevenbecomeinfertileorunabletohavebabiesTolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelandsZooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare，documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates，illnesses，weightanddeathTheserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEuropeThescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoobornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3，overapproximatelythesametimeperiodTheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageofl6.9yearsTheirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56yearsmorethanthreetimesaslongFemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpatternInzoos,theylivedl89syears,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7yearsScientistsdontyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterpartsGeorgiaMason，abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4Zooelephantsdontgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild，andmostareveryfatElephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild，wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroupsAnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoosMasonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurviveThestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoosWhilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations，thatdoesntappeartobethecasewithelephantsCurrently，zoosalenetconsumersofelephants，notnetproducers，Masonsays词汇：

Predatorn食肉动物Ripeadj成熟的Infertileadj不生育的Captivityn监禁；束缚Farev过活，生活Obesityadj过度肥胖；肥胖症注释：

11ivetoaripeoldage：

这是一种固定用法，意思是livetoanagethatisconsideredtobeveryold（长寿，高寿）。

2betruefor：

或者betrueof：

对适用。

短文中第二段第一句：

ButthatmaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth这里，作为主语的that指的是第一段所陈述的内容。

这个句子要传达的意思是：

动物园对其他动物来说是一个安栖之地，而对大象来说却不然。

3loggingcamps：

伐木场。

Loggin9作为名词，意思是：

伐木业。

4stressandobesitymaybetoblame：

压力和肥胖是问题的根源。

betoblame：

该受责备，应承担责任。

练习：

1Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，unlikeotherzooanimals，zooelephantsAhavedifficultyeatingfoodB1ivetoaripeoldageC：

arenotafraidofpredatorsDdevelophealthproblems2WhichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientistsresearchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?

（Seeparagraph3）?

ATheycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephantsBTheykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircareCTheyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoosDThezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos3Whatdothescientistsfindintheirresearch?

AFemaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephantsBFemalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterpartsCFemalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterpartsDElephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans4Whatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityzooraisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom?

ATheydonotlikelivinginherdsBTheydonotgetenoughexerciseCTheydonot