吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华.docx

吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华.docx

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吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华

2010年考研英语真题及答案abcabcabcabcSectionIUseofEnglishabcabc　　Directions:

abcabc　　Readthefollowingtext。

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1。

（10points）abcabc　　In1924American’NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago。

Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlignting__1__workersproductivity。

Instead,thestudiesended__2___givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery___3____tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior。

abcabc　　Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4____behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant。

Accordingto__5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed。

Itdidnot__6____whatwasdoneintheexperiment;___7_sometingwaschanged,productivityrose。

A（n）___8___thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe____9___toalterworkers’behavior____10____itself。

abcabc　　Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere_11__toeconometrictheanalysis。

Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore_12__thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting。

abcabc　　Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped。

__15___,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday。

WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16___rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays。

__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff。

Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtopindown。

abcabc　　1。

[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restoredabcabc　　2。

[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]offabcabc　　3。

[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proofabcabc　　4。

[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguousabcabc　　5。

[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessmentsabcabc　　6。

[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]workabcabc　　7。

[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongasabcabc　　8。

[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusionabcabc　　9。

[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundantabcabc　　10。

[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]byabcabc　　11。

[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyedabcabc　　12。

[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliartoabcabc　　13。

[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]sourceabcabc　　14。

[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleadingabcabc　　15。

[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusualabcabc　　16。

[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenlyabcabc　　17。

[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continuedabcabc　　20。

[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitingabcabc　　SectionIIReadingComprehensionabcabc　　PartAabcabc　　Directions:

abcabc　　Readthefollowingfourtexts。

Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]。

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。

（40points）abcabc　　Text2abcabc　　Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods。

Amazon。

comreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem。

MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy。

Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox。

abcabc　　Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago。

Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU。

S。

courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents。

InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennis’D。

CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw。

It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents。

”abcabc　　Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets。

Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions。

Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch。

In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem。

Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。

abcabc　　TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket。

TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould”reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。

abcabc　　TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders。

LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious。

ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC。

wegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。

abcabc　　26。

Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseofabcabc　　[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusinessabcabc　　[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocationabcabc　　[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingabcabc　　[D]thecontroversyoverauthorizationabcabc　　27。

WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

abcabc　　[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsabcabc　　[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionabcabc　　[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuitabcabc　　[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU。

S。

abcabc　　28。

Theword“about-face”（Line1,Paro3）mostprobablymeansabcabc　　[A]lossofgoodwillabcabc　　[B]increaseofhostilityabcabc　　[C]changeofattitudeabcabc　　[D]enhancementofdignityabcabc　　29。

Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc　　[A]areimmunetolegalchallengesabcabc　　[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissuedabcabc　　[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholdersabcabc　　[D]increasetheincidenceofrisksabcabc　　30。

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

abcabc　　[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsabcabc　　[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersabcabc　　[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc　　[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc　　Text3abcabc　　InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected。

Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread。

abcabc　　Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“twostepflowofcommunication”:

Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse。

Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem。

Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods。

Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention。

Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrendsabcabc　　Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed。

Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall。

abcabc　　Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers。

Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly。

Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential。

Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。

abcabc　　Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluence