吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华.docx

1、吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华2010年考研英语真题及答案abcabcabcabcSection I Use of EnglishabcabcDirections:abcabcRead the following text。 Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (10 points)abcabcIn 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a

2、 series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago。 It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity。 Instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the v

3、ery_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior。abcabcThe idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant。 According to _5_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed。 It did not _6_what was done in the ex

4、periment; _7_someting was changed ,productivity rose。 A(n)_8_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_itself。abcabcAfter several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis。 Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 _the descrip

5、tions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting。abcabcIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed。_ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday 。When work started ag

6、ain on Monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and_ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days。_ 18_ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in a

7、ny case , before _20 _a plateau and then slackening off。 This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down。abcabc1。 A affected B achieved C extracted D restoredabcabc2。 A at Bup C with D offabcabc3。 Atruth Bsight C act D proofabcabc4。 A controversial B perplexing Cmischievous D

8、ambiguousabcabc5。 Arequirements Bexplanations C accounts D assessmentsabcabc6。 A conclude B matter C indicate D workabcabc7。 A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long asabcabc8。 A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusionabcabc9。 A suitable B excessive C enough D abundantabcabc10。 A

9、about B for C on D byabcabc11。 A compared Bshown C subjected D conveyedabcabc12。 A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D pealliar toabcabc13。 A evidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsourceabcabc14。 A disputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleadingabcabc15。 A In contrast B For example C In conseq

10、uence D As usualabcabc16。 A duly Baccidentally C unpredictably D suddenlyabcabc17。 Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinuedabcabc20。 Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing DhitingabcabcSection II Reading ComprehensionabcabcPart AabcabcDirections:abcabcRead the following four texts。 Answer the questions below ea

11、ch text by choosing A, B, C or D。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (40 points)abcabcText 2abcabcOver the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods。 Amazon。com received one for its “one-click” online payment system。 Merrill Lynch got legal protection

12、 for an asset allocation strategy。 One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box。abcabcNow the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago。 In a move that has intell

13、ectual-property lawyers abuzz the U。S。 court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents。 In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says DennisD。 Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law。 It “

14、has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents。”abcabcCurbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of poolin

15、g mutual-fund assets。 That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions。 Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a

16、defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch。 In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them。 Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves wit

17、h patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。abcabcThe Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market。 The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the cour

18、ts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling。abcabcThe Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections

19、for patent holders。 Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious。 The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C。wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeor

20、ge Washington University Law School。abcabc26。 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofabcabcA their limited value to businessabcabcB their connection with asset allocationabcabcC the possible restriction on their grantingabcabcD the controversy over authorizationabcabc27。 Whi

21、ch of the following is true of the Bilski case?abcabcA Its ruling complies with the court decisionsabcabcB It involves a very big business transactionabcabcC It has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitabcabcD It may change the legal practices in the U。S。abcabc28。 The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro

22、 3) most probably meansabcabcA loss of good willabcabcB increase of hostilityabcabcC change of attitudeabcabcD enhancement of dignityabcabc29。 We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patentsabcabcA are immune to legal challengesabcabcB are often unnecessarily issuedabcabcC lower t

23、he esteem for patent holdersabcabcD increase the incidence of risksabcabc30。 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?abcabcA A looming threat to business-method patentsabcabcB Protection for business-method patent holdersabcabcC A legal case regarding business-method patentsabcabcD A

24、 prevailing trend against business-method patentsabcabcText 3abcabcIn his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well

25、-connected。 The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread。abcabcThe supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influential

26、s and from them to everyone else。 Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them。 The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,

27、brands, or neighborhoods。 In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention。 Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive

28、 trendsabcabcIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed。 In fact, they dont seem to be required of all。abcabcThe researchers argument stems from a simple observing about social in

29、fluence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influenceeven the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others。 Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials w

30、ho, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly。 For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; an

31、d just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential。 If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many people。abcabcBuilding on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence