antihero slocum in something happened浅析《出事了》中的反英雄斯洛克姆论文大学毕设论文.docx

antihero slocum in something happened浅析《出事了》中的反英雄斯洛克姆论文大学毕设论文.docx

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antiheroslocuminsomethinghappened浅析《出事了》中的反英雄斯洛克姆论文大学毕设论文

本科毕业设计（论文）正文

目录

Abstract.ii

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

2.Theblackhumorandantihero.2

3ThefeaturesoftheantiheroSlocuminSomethingHappened3

3.1Timidness3

3.2Indifferenceandselfishness4

3.3Suspicion5

4Theartisticpresentationsoftheantiheroslocum6

4.1Symbolism6

4.2Streamofconsciousness7

5ThevalueoftheantiheroSlocum8

5.1Literarysignificance8

5.2Realisticsignificance8

6.Conclusion8

WorksCited10

AnAnalysisoftheAntiheroSlocuminSomethingHappened

Abstract:

Somethinghappened,theblackhumornovelistJosephHeller’ssecondnovel,isthesequenceofhismasterpieceCatch-22.Inthisnovel,HellerportraysthecharacterBobSlocumvividlywithhisspecialwritingtechnique,andthroughthedepictionofantiheroSlocum,theinfluenceofanextremelyabsurdandabnormalsocietyoncommonpeoplecanbeseen.Thisthesis,firstandforemost,givesabriefintroductiontoblackhumorandantihero.Then,thefeaturesofantiheroSlocuminSomethingHappenedandtheartisticpresentationsarediscussed.Theanalysishopestohelpusbetterunderstandthenovel,figureoutthewriter’saim,andbeawareofitsliteraryandrealisticsignificance.

KeyWords:

antihero;Slocum;SomethingHappened

浅析《出事了》中的“反英雄”斯洛克姆

摘要：

黑色幽默小说家约瑟夫·海勒既他的著作《第二十二条军规》后创作出第二部长篇小说《出事了》。

在这部小说中，海勒以他独特的写作技巧生动形象地描绘出鲍勃·斯洛克姆这一人物形象。

通过对反英雄斯洛克姆的描述，我们可以看出一个极其荒诞怪异的社会对人们的影响。

本论文首先介绍黑色幽默和反英雄人物，然后探讨《出事了》一文中反英雄人物的特点及它的艺术表现手法。

通过分析，我们希望可以更好地理解这部小说和作者的写作意图，了解它的文学及现实意义。

关键字：

反英雄；斯洛克姆；《出事了》

AnAnalysisoftheAntiheroSlocuminSomethingHappened

1.Introduction

Thetwentiethcenturywitnessedtheemergingandflourishingofblackhumorwhichischaracterizedwithsatire,disparagement,overstating.Blackhumornovels,differentfromthecommonhumornovels,arealwaysreflectingabsurdity,crueltyandself-contradictorysocietyandthepressureofsuchasocietyonpeoplethroughtheportrayaloftragiccharacters.JosephHellerisanacknowledgedrepresentativewriterofblackhumornovel,whoseoutstandingmajorworkcatch-22haswonthepraiseofthemassesandmadeHelleracelebrity.NotbeinginferiortoCatch-22,SomethingHappenedhissecondnovelisusuallyconsideredamorematurenovelthanCatch-22.

SomethingHappenedisasuccessfulnovelthatrevealsthelifeweallleadtoday.IttellsthestoryofBobSlocumwhoisamiddleclassworkerinacompany,longingforthegirlswhoneverbelongtohimandthelifehehasnotlived;Bob’swife,whohaslearnttohatehim;Bob’sdaughter,whohasfacedtheproblemsthatmostcontemporaryteenagershardlydealwith,suchasdruggingandsex;hisyoungson,whoisafraidofcompetitionandcuttingasmartfigure;hisanotherson,whonoonewantstomentionortocareabout.Thisnovelisreallyamazingandbelievedtodepictarathertruelife,justasWilliamKennedyinTheNewRepublicput,“…HellerinthefirstrankofAmericanwriters...Thevisionwegetisoneofchillingrecognition.Whatisrevealedisnotreallytheheroatall,butUs.Me.You.Them”

（2）.ThereforeSomethingHappenedcanbecountedasthenovelofthe70softheAmerica.

Eversincethebookwaspublishedin1974,undertheinfluenceofhisfirstnovelCatch-22,muchattentionhasbeenpaidtoit.Andmanydomesticandforeignscholarshavestudiedthisbookfromvariousaspects,suchaslinguisticfeatures,narrativestructure,anditstheme.GeorgeJ.SearlespointedoutthatcomparedwithCatch-22,thisnovelismorerealisticasitexploresaquitetruelifeofanAmericanbourgeoiswhoisn’tconcernedaboutpreservinghisreputationlikeYossarianbutrendershimselfmoreacceptableinanenvironmentthatisdistrustfulofethnicminorities（76）.Besides,eventhoughitseemsthatSomethingHappenedisaproblematicwork,havingtheseemingdifficultieswhichcanbeattributedtothebasicfeaturesofthenovel:

theextremelylimitedmodenarration,theunheroicnatureoftheprotagonistandtheostensiblypessimisticqualityofthenovel’smessage（George74）,Georgestillconsidersitasamaturework.SinceSomethingHappenedwasbroughtintoChina,ithasgivenrisetothedomesticscholars’attention.LiJiestatesthatthenovelreflectsthatduringthepostwaryearstheeconomicdepressionledtoseriousconsequencesonthesocietyandAmericans.Americansfinallyboughttroublesuponthemselvesaftertheydevelopedtheindustryregardlessofenvironmentprotection.Inadditiontothestudyofthethemeofthebook,LiJiealsoanalyzesthewritingskill,makingacontrastbetweenblackhumorandexistentialism（LiJie70）.MaoNingyuanintroducesthedualisticantithesisandLogoscentertheorywhenreferringtotheanalysisofstory,deepeningtheunderstandingofthemes（MaoNingyuan82）.

ThefocusofthepaperwillbeonthestudyofantiheroSlocum’scharacteristics,theartificialpresentationsanditsvalue.Firstly,itwillpresenttheblackhumorandantihero,givingabriefintroduction.ThenthefeaturesoftheleadingcharacterSlocum—timidness,indifferenceandselfishness,andsuspicioninthenovelwillbedemonstratedindetail,fromwhichwecanseeAmericanbourgeoisie’svaluesandcoldinterpersonalrelationship.Afterthat,thepaperwillstudytheartisticpresentationsoftheantiheroSlocum.Finally,itwillmakeaconclusionfromliterarysignificanceandrealisticsignificance.

2.Theblackhumorandantihero

Inabsurdityliteraturethereisacombinationofpainandhumor,atonethatemergeswhendistressandjoke,horrorandfarcecollide.Thistonehasbeencalledblackhumor（ElaineB.Safer424）.Blackhumornovelsaredifferentfromtraditionalnovels.Theyaregenerallycomic,violent,experimentandintellectual（DonaldJ.Greiner41）.Sincethe1960s,theliteratureofblackhumor,ofwhichthenotionthattheuniverseisabsurd,thatneithergodnorman,northeologynorphilosophycanmakesenseofthehumansituation,hasprevailedinthefieldofAmericanliterature,evenbecomeoneofthemostrepresentativeliteratureschools.Theappearanceoftheblackhumornovelsisthecreatureofthatage.Inthepostwarperiod,theAmericansweresufferingsadnessandagonytheWWIIbroughtabout.Peoplearescaredoftheunrestlifeandtheunknowndeathundertheinfluenceofwar,justasthecharacterYossarianinCatch-22surroundedbythecrisisofdeath,besidestheirtraditionalvalueshavechangedduetotoofasteconomicdevelopment.What’smore,thedevelopmentofheavyindustryacceleratesthetransmissionofAmericans’mindandbehavior.Americansofthattimenotonlyweredesperateandworriedabouttheunfairanduglysocialphenomenon,butalsolookedforpsychologycomfortandsupportfromironyandhumor（ZhouHong66）.Undersuchaspecialbackground,theblackhumornovelisdistinctivewiththeuniquelinguisticfeatures,untraditionalnarrative,innovativethemes,andespeciallyantiheros.

Antiheroisoneofthemostevidentsignsofblackhumornovels.Fromthewordstructure,it’snotdifficulttoseethat“antihero”meansaprotagonistwholacksthecharacteristicsthatwouldmakehimahero,whichtotallydiffersfromthetraditionalherocreatedastheprincipalcharacterwithexceptionalcourageandnobilityandstrengthinanovel.Anyway,comparedwiththosecharacterswhichwecanjudgeeasilyasrighteousorevil,antiheroseemsnomorethanacommonperson,withoutenoughspecialtiestodrawreaders’attention.However,thankstoitscommonness,theportrayalofthepersonismoreauthenticandvivid.Inmostcases,theantiherosaredepictedasonesthatentirelydifferfromtheidealorpositivecharactersintraditionalnovels,whoareneitherequippedwithgreatpowernorintelligencelikemythicalfigures,norhavingastrongsenseofresponsibilityofsocialcriticismlikecharactersinrealisticworks.Thevitalityofantiherosisrightthefunnyincapacitywhentheyfaceaseriesofnecessaryhorriblestuff（WangYin27）.InJosephHeller’sSomethingHappened,BobSlocumisexactlyatypicalantihero.

3.ThefeaturesoftheantiheroSlocuminSomethingHappened

SomethingHappened（1974）approachedAmericancorporateculturewithasclearaneyeasCatch-22haddissectedthemilitary.BobSlocum,Heller’santi-hero,describesanarrative,invaryingshadesandnuances,recallsDostoyevsky’sUndergroundMan,Kafka’sGregorSamsa,andthepsychologicalagoniesofanAmericanCeline（GeoffreyGreen122-123）.Nodoubt,HellerissosuccessfulincreatingthecharacterSlocuminhisnovelthatthroughSlocumwecanclearlyseewhattheAmericanculturewasatthattime.InthebookSomethingHappened，thereareonlytwoscenes－homeandfamily－thatarethemostcommonandfamiliarplaces,andmanypeoplelikeSlocum’sbossGreen,Slocum’swife,hissonandhisdaughterappear,butallofthemarearoundtheprotagonistSlocum.IntermsofthecommunicationbetweenSlocumandhisfriends,colleagues,andhisfamilies,itwasplainthatSlocumisatypicalantiheroofmarkedcharactersthatistimidness,indifferenceandselfishness,andsuspicion.

3.1Timidness

“Americaistheparadise”whichsoundstemptingtoeveryoneandseemsthateveryAmericanshouldlivehappilyjustaslivingintheGardenofEdenlikeAdamandEve.ButnowthissayingissuspectedifpeopletakeSlocumintoconsideration.Apparently,Slocumisunhappyoutofhistimidness----theknownorunknownfear.Attheverybeginning,giventhatSlocumhascomfortablelivingconditionsandaregularincome,letaloneagoodfamily,it’ssomewhatoddthatSlocumisstilltimid.Butjudgingfromthedetailsinthenovel,Slocumindeedhasthereasontofeelscaredandnervousallthetimewhetherathomeorinthecompany.

Slocumisf