21WilliamFaulkner福克纳解析.docx

21WilliamFaulkner福克纳解析.docx

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21WilliamFaulkner福克纳解析

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■WilliamFaulknerwasborninNewAlbany,MississippiandraisedinnearbyOxford,andlivedtherealmostallhislife.Faulknerleftschoolinhisteensandhadnofurtherformaleducationbeyondayear（1919-1920）asaspecialstudentattheUniversityofMississippi.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■ThefactthatWilliamFaulknerwasbomintoaSouthernfamilywithafairlylongtraditionisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheinfluencesthatmadehimamajorwriterinAmericanliterature.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■ThetownofOxfordwherehewasbroughtupbecamethemodelforhisfictionalJefferson,theseatof丫oknapatawphacounty.Hisownfamilyhistoryfounditswayintohisnovelsandthemembersofhisfamilyprovedtobeprototypesforhischaracters.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■Faulkner'sknowledgeofthelifeoftheAmericanDeepSouth,withitstragichistoryofriseandfallinitsfortunes,itswaysandmores,anditslanguage,allfusedinhisimaginationandrecreated,becamethesubstaneeofaFaulknerianworldstrangelyinspiringbothnostalgiaandasenseofimpendingdoominmodernreaders・

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■MostofFaulknefsworksaresetintheAmericanSouth,withhisemphasisontheSouthernsubjectsandconsciousness,andtheyareaboutpeoplefromasmallregioninNorthernMississippi,YoknapatawphaCounty,whichisactuallyanimaginaryplace・

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■Withhisrichimagination,Faulknerturnedtheland,thepeopleandthehistoryoftheregionintoaliterarycreationandmythicalkingdom.Asaresult,丫oknapatawphaCountryhasbecomeanallegoryoraparableoftheOldSouth,withwhichFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaoftheexperienceandconsciousnessofthewholeSouthernsociety・

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■TheYokanapatawphaCountyserieshaveanoverallpatterninwhichthefateofaruinedhomelandalwaysfocusesonthecollisionofFaulknefsintelligent,sensitive,andidealisticprotagonistswiththesocietyofthe20thcentury・

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■Almostallhisheroesturnouttobetragicbecausetheyareprisonersofthepast,orofthesociety,orofsomesocialandmoraltaboos,oroftheirownintrospectivepersonalities.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■Hisfirsttwonovels,Soldier'sPayandMosquitoes（1927）,werenotverypromising,butSartoris（1929）revealedFaulkner'sfullerdevelopmentasawriter.Forthefirsttimeheenteredhisfictionalcountryandbegantocreateaworldofhisown.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■WithSartorishistrainingasawritercametoaclose.Hisnextbook,TheSoundandtheFury（1929）,wasdefinitelythematureworkofamajorauthor.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■In1930AsILayDyingcameout,andwhathadapparentlybeguntoworryhimwasthelackofcriticalacclaimforhiswork.HethencontrivedthesexuallyaggressiveandsensationalplotofSanctury（1931）toshockthepublicintoakindofrecognition.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■OfFaulkner'sliteraryworks,3novelsaremasterpieces:

□TheSoundandtheFuryDLightinAugust匚Absalom,Absalom!

□GoDown,Moses

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■HerethedeepSouthisdelineatedinasminutedetailaspossible・Indeed,Faulkner'sworkshavebeentermedtheYoknapatawphasaga,uoneconnectedstory,”one“mythicalkingdom."

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■HewritesaboutthehistoriesofanumberofsouthernaristocraticfamiliesandtracesthembacktotheverybeginningwhentheChickasawIndianswerestilllawfulownersoftheland.

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■Intheveryriseofthesefamilyfortunes,Faulknerseestheirinevitablefall.Thesewhitesettlersmayhavedreamed,builtgreathouseswithconfidenceandcourage,andachievedadegreeofsuccessintheirgoldenpast,buttheycannotescapethedefeattowhichtheyaredoomedfromtheveryoutset,fortheyhavedisplacedtheIndiansandenslavedtheBlackrace・

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）

■WhatFaulkneristalkingaboutconcernsnotmerelytheAmericanSouthbutthehumansituationingeneral.Thespiritualdeteriorationwhichcharacterizesmodernlifestemsdirectlyfromthelossofloveandwantofemotionalresponse.

TheSoundandtheFury

TheSoundandtheFury

■Quentin*ssectionoffersagoodillustration.Amiserablecreatureinthemodernworld,Quentinfrequentlycastsabackwardglanceatthetimeofhischildhoodwhenlifewasinnocent,romantic,andsecure・Hejustcannotbringhimselftocometotermswiththepresentwhenis,tohim,purposeless,futile,anddevoidofthevalueswhichmakelifeworthliving・

TheSoundandtheFury

■Hissuicideoffersanexampleofacompletenegationofthepresent.Inasense,Quentin'svaluesystemmayrepresentFaulkner'sownideaofanidealwayoflife,thatofanante-bellumsociety.

TheSoundandtheFury

■WiththestoryofJasonwhoselifeembodiesallthevicesofthemodernworld,thecontrastbetweentheante-bellumsocietyandthepresentoneisbroughtoutinthemostpoignantmannerpossible.Thetriumphofrationalismoverfeelingandcompassionisbestillustratedinthissterileandlovelessindividual.

TheSoundandtheFury

■FaulkneroncesaidthatThe

SoundandtheFuryisastoryofulostinnocenceMwhichprovesitselftobeanintensificationofthethemeofimprisonmentinthepast.

Faulkner'sStyle

■Faulknerhasalwaysbeenregardedasamanwithgreatmightofinventionandexperimentation.Headdedtothetheoryofthenovelasanartformandevolvedhisownliterarystrategies.Tohim,theprimarydutyofawriterwastoexploreandrepresenttheinfinitepossibilitiesinherentinhumanlife・Thereforeawritershouldobservewithnojudgmentwhatsoeverandreduceauthorialintrusiontothelowestminimum.

Faulkner'sStyle

■Themostcharacteristicwayofstructuringhisstoriesistofragmentthechronologicaltime.Hedeliberatelybrokeupthechronologyofhisnarrativebyjuxtaposingthepastwiththepresent,inthewaythemontagedoesinamovie.Themodernstream-of-consciousnesstechniquewasalsofrequentlyandskillfullyexploitedbyFaulknertoemphasizethereactionsandinnermusingsofthenarrator.

Faulkner'sStyle

■Moreover,Faulknerwasgoodatpresentingmultiplepointsofview,whichgavethestoryacircularform,whereinoneeventiscentered,withvariouspointsofviewradiatingfromit,ordifferentpeoplerespondingtothesamestory.

Faulkner'sStyle

■Thusahighdegreecouldbereached・TheothernarrativetechniquesFaulknerusedtoconstructhisstoriesincludesymbolismandmythologicalandbiblicalallusions.

ARoseforEmily

■ARoseforEmilyisFaulkner'sfirstshortstorypublishedin1930.SetinthetownofJeffersonin丫oknapatawpha,thestoryfocusesonEmilyGrierson,aneccentricspinsterwhorefusestoacceptthepassageoftime,ortheinevitablechangeandlossthataccompaniesit.

ARoseforEmily

■AsadescendantoftheSouthernaristocracy,EmilyistypicalofthoseinFaulkner'sYoknapatawpahstorieswhoarethesymbolsoftheOldSouthbuttheprisonersofthepast.Inthisstory,FaulknermakesbestuseoftheGothicdevicesinnarration.

Quote1

■WhenMissEmilyGriersondied,ourwholetownwenttoherfuneral:

thementhroughasortofrespectableaffectionforafallenmonument,thewomenmostlyoutofcuriositytoseetheinsideofherhouse,whichnoonesaveanoldman・servant—acombinedgardenerandcook—hadseeninatleasttenyears.（SelectedReadings617-618）

Quote2

■Thenwenoticedthatinthesecondpillowwastheindentationofahead.Oneofusliftedsomethingfromit,andleaningforward,thatfaintandinvisibledustdryandacridinthenostrils,wesawalongstrandofiron-grayhair.（SelectedReadings629）