优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错.docx

优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错.docx

《优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

优质英语八级应试指导校对与改错

校对与改错（ProofreadingandErrorCorrection）

1．语法错误

（1）词的误用

A.词性的误用

1．There’snoevidencethatslowstudentsarenecessaryunintelligent,orthatunintelligentstudentsareincapableoflearningalanguage.

2.Butcananyoneseriouslyarguethatbeinganathleteshouldrequiretheacceptanceofunnecessarilyphysicalabuse.

3.Badweathereffectspeople’shealth.

B.词义的误用

1.IameasilyhurtbecauseIamverysensible.

2.Thegarage,wherethereisadistinctivesmellofoil,liesonthefirstfloor,nexttotheshoehouse.

英语中这样的例子还有很多，形容词如：

credibleeconomichistoricefficientimaginativeintelligent

credulouseconomicalhistoricaleffectiveimaginaryintellectual

容易混淆的动词和名词的例子，如：

maintainrenewinstinctreward

sustainrestoreintuitionaward

另一种词义的误用则表现在固定词组中动词的误用，如：

getanadvantageover:

胜于，优于takeadvantageof:

利用

C.介词的误用

1.Itwasmarketday,sopeopleandtraffichadbeenpouringintothetownfromearlymorning.

2.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheearth’ssurfacetemperaturehasincreasedtoonequartertothreequartersofadegreesince1805.

3.Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycaseinaccessiblefortraffic.

4.Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichumanancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementedwithanimalfoods.

D.连词的误用

1.Throughitall,womeninsummerclothesthreadedtheirway,laughingandchattingbutchildrendartedinandoutofthecrowdsshriekingwithlaughterorsobbingwithfearbecausetheywerelost.

2.Althoughshewastired,butshewenttowork.

E.代词的指代错误

1.Airandwaterarealsosocialgoodsinthesensethatwhenwehaveusedthem,wecanalmostalwaysdisposeofitinsomeoneelse’sbackyard.

2.Nomatterwhatyourinterestsare,youwillfindthatalibrarycanbeagreatplacetoenjoyoneselfwhileyoulearn.

F.名词单复数错误

1.Heisbynomeansconsideredtobeagreatexplorer.

2.Everymeanshasbeentried.

3.Therearemanywomandoctors.

4.Thefirehascausedgreatdamagestothefactory.

（2）词的遗漏

A.冠词的遗漏

1.Theyweresellingpeaches,melonsandgrapes—harvestoftheirfields.

2.Thecomposersthemselvesbandedtogetherintocommitteeandthisinturnsponsoredaplan.

B.连词的遗漏

1.Benisastalented,ifnotmoretalentedthan,theotheractors.

2.Languageprovidesameansofsayinganddoingthings,teachingisgenerallydivorcedfromtheusewemakeoflanguage.

3.Mostpeopleseemtoneedabouteighthours’sleepaday,curiousanddisturbingthingsbegintohappenwhentheratioischanged.

C.介词的遗漏

1.Withproperlydesignedcourses,students,learningtodowhattheyneedtothelanguage,canrisetounprecedentedlevelsofcompetence.

2.Ihatebeinglaughedat.

3.Iwonderedaboutthecostofbuildingtheshipwhichweweretraveling.

D.其他形式的遗漏

1.Manybribesstillbelieveandabidebyancientlaws.

2.HenrypreferredthehotelsinPittsburghtoinBoston.

3.SomesaythatEllaPitzgerald’srenditionsofColePorter’ssongsarebetterthananyother.

4.ChicagoislargerthananycityinIllinois.

（3）词的多用

A.介词的多用

1.Weteachforanunappliedsystem,ratherthanteachingstudentsdirectlytodothingsthattheyneedtodothroughlanguage.

2.Theship’sexteriorlightscutlovelyshaftsthroughthesedepths（ofthesea）,yetevenasIadmiredaboutthebeauty,thereseemedsomethingoddaboutthesight.

B.冠词的多用

1.Mr.HaroldBlack,thepresidentoftheunion,willgiveaspeechnextFriday.

2.Slumdwellersusuallyliveinthehuts,whicharebuiltofanythingthat’savailable.

3.Sowhenwetalkaboutthewhiteorthecolored,weareapttoimplyandtobelievethateachadjectivetellsusmoreaboutthepersoninthequestionthanitcan.

C.代词的多用

1.TheybelievedthattheycouldintroduceintopoliticsthenoteofhonestyandhumanconcernthatAmericanseemedtoneeditsobadly.

2.Thereseemedsomethingoddaboutthesight,somethinglonelythatIcouldn’tinitiallyexplainit.

D.词的赘述

1.Hisworkismoreperfect.

2.Heismoresuperiortoyouineveryaspect.

2．句法错误

（1）主谓一致错误

1.Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,areplanningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.

2.Neverthelessweteachstudentstodoandsaythingswithlanguage,whichisfundamentallyinsignificanttothemaspersons,andconsequentlytheysaythesethingsformallyandimpersonally.

3.80%ofallhumanillnessesisrelatedtodiet.

（2）时态错误

1.E.Wilson（1996）reportedthatpositivereinforcementaloneisalesseffectiveteachingtechniquethanamixtureofpositivereinforcementandconstructivecriticism.

2.Tolemytaughtthatthesunrevolvesaroundtheearth.

（3）语态错误

1.Thefactthatsleepisessentialtolifehasknownforhundredsofyears.

2.Duringthelatterpartoflastcenturytheroadswerefullycapableofmeetingalldemandsmadeonthembythehorse-drawntrafficforwhichtheybuilt.

（4）语气错误

1.Inpart,technologyhascausedthepopulationexplosion;manyofuswon’tnowbealiveifitweren’tforadvancesinmedicalcare,agricultureandindustry.

2.WestronglysuggestthatSmithistoldabouthisphysicalconditionassoonaspossible.

（5）平行结构错误

A.并列连词引导的平行结构中的错误

1.AtLincolnHighSchool,vandalismcanresultinsuspensionorevenbeingexpelledfromschool.

2.Manystatesarereducingpropertytaxesforhomeownersandextendfinancialaidintheformoftaxcreditstorenters.

B.关联词引导的平行结构中的错误

1.Theshutterswerenotonlytoolongbutalsoweretoowide.

2.Iwasadvisedeithertochangemyflightortakethetrain.

C.比较连词引导的平行结构中的错误

1.Itiseasiertospeakinabstractionsthangroundingone’sthoughtsinreality.

2.Hecouldn’tpersuademethatgivingisasmuchajoyastoreceive.

D.选择连词引导的平行结构中的错误

1.Ibelieveitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.

2.Idecidetowriteratherthantelephone.

3.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoforawalk.

4.Ialwayspreferstartingearly,ratherthanleavingeverythingtothelastminute.

（6）其他形式的句子结构错误

A.混淆限定定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别

1.Thebridgewasdestroyedbytheflood,thatmadeitimpossibleforpeopletocrosstheriver.

2.By1914womenhadtherighttovotein11states,andtheireffortswerecrownedwithfinalsuccessinthe19thAmendmenttotheconstitution,thatwasratifiedin1920.

B.混淆单句与独立结构的差别

1.Tomesoonappearedagain,hisblueeyesborenotraceoftheagonythathadearlierfilledthem.

C.分词使用错误

1.Somegrammarianshavecalledgrammaticalwords“empty”wordsasopposedtothe“full”wordsofvocabulary.Thisisratheramisledwayofexpressingthedistinction.

2.Thetribesconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods.

3．逻辑错误

（1）逻辑前后矛盾

（2）逻辑混乱

附件

1.Hisurgetogoisheldincheckbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.（97）

2.Frequently,committeesrelyoutsideexpertstoassistinconductinginvestigativehearings…（04）

3.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation.（05）

4.…servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifferencebetweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.（07）

5.…practicingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.（02）

6.Whenahumaninfantisbornintoanycommunityinanypartoftheworldithastwothingsincommonwithanyotherinfant,providedneitherofthemhavebeendamagedinanywayeitherbeforeorduringbirth.（98）

7.TheEnglishspeakerhasathisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglishspeakers.（06）

8.Webeginthe“natural”learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehours…（02）

9.Forthisreason,biologistsnowsuggestthatlanguagebe“speciesspecific”tothehumanrace.（98）

10.…toinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.（04）

11.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningaswellasagreedconventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage…（06）

12.…aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom”（03）

13.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguageoriginatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,butthenecessaryevidenceisentirelylacking;..（07）

14.Mostcommitteehearingsareopentopublicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.（04）

15.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob…（05）

16.Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts,thefederalgovernmentappointedaboardofgrainsupervisorstodealwithdeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.（01）

17.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethan.（03）

18.Hispolitenessglueshisbodytothechairandrefusestolethimraise.（97）

19.…thereisasharpdifferenceinmeaningbetween“manisvile”and“themanisveil”,yettheisthesinglevehicleofthisdifferenceinmeaning.（00）

20.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthattheysoldtheirwheatshortlyafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,justtoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.（01）

21.…anditoftencomesasashockwhenwefirstlyheararecordingofourselves.（02）

22.…theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.（03）

23