优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错.docx

1、优质英语八级应试指导 校对与改错校对与改错 (Proofreading and Error Correction)1语法错误(1) 词的误用A. 词性的误用 1Theres no evidence that slow students are necessary unintelligent, or that unintelligent students are incapable of learning a language. 2. But can anyone seriously argue that being an athlete should require the acceptanc

2、e of unnecessarily physical abuse. 3. Bad weather effects peoples health.B. 词义的误用 1. I am easily hurt because I am very sensible. 2. The garage, where there is a distinctive smell of oil, lies on the first floor, next to the shoe house. 英语中这样的例子还有很多，形容词如：credible economic historic efficient imaginat

3、ive intelligentcredulous economical historical effective imaginary intellectual 容易混淆的动词和名词的例子，如：maintain renew instinct rewardsustain restore intuition award 另一种词义的误用则表现在固定词组中动词的误用，如：get an advantage over: 胜于，优于 take advantage of: 利用C. 介词的误用 1. It was market day, so people and traffic had been pouri

4、ng into the town from early morning. 2. It has been estimated that the earths surface temperature has increased to one quarter to three quarters of a degree since 1805. 3. The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case inaccessible for traffic. 4. The hunter-

5、gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplemented with animal foods.D. 连词的误用 1. Through it all, women in summer clothes threaded their way, laughing and chatting but children darted in and out of the crowds shrieking with laughter or s

6、obbing with fear because they were lost. 2. Although she was tired, but she went to work.E. 代词的指代错误 1. Air and water are also social goods in the sense that when we have used them, we can almost always dispose of it in someone elses backyard. 2. No matter what your interests are, you will find that

7、a library can be a great place to enjoy oneself while you learn.F. 名词单复数错误 1. He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. 2. Every means has been tried. 3. There are many woman doctors. 4. The fire has caused great damages to the factory.(2) 词的遗漏A. 冠词的遗漏 1. They were selling peaches, melons

8、 and grapesharvest of their fields. 2. The composers themselves banded together into committee and this in turn sponsored a plan.B. 连词的遗漏 1. Ben is as talented, if not more talented than, the other actors. 2. Language provides a means of saying and doing things, teaching is generally divorced from t

9、he use we make of language. 3. Most people seem to need about eight hours sleep a day, curious and disturbing things begin to happen when the ratio is changed.C. 介词的遗漏 1. With properly designed courses, students, learning to do what they need to t he language, can rise to unprecedented levels of com

10、petence. 2. I hate being laughed at. 3. I wondered about the cost of building the ship which we were traveling.D. 其他形式的遗漏 1. Many bribes still believe and abide by ancient laws. 2. Henry preferred the hotels in Pittsburgh to in Boston. 3. Some say that Ella Pitzgeralds renditions of Cole Porters son

11、gs are better than any other. 4. Chicago is larger than any city in Illinois.(3) 词的多用A. 介词的多用 1. We teach for an unapplied system, rather than teaching students directly to do things that they need to do through language. 2. The ships exterior lights cut lovely shafts through these depths (of the se

12、a), yet even as I admired about the beauty, there seemed something odd about the sight.B. 冠词的多用 1. Mr. Harold Black, the president of the union, will give a speech next Friday. 2. Slum dwellers usually live in the huts, which are built of anything thats available. 3. So when we talk about the white

13、or the colored, we are apt to imply and to believe that each adjective tells us more about the person in the question than it can.C. 代词的多用 1. They believed that they could introduce into politics the note of honesty and human concern that American seemed to need it so badly. 2. There seemed somethin

14、g odd about the sight, something lonely that I couldnt initially explain it.D. 词的赘述 1. His work is more perfect. 2. He is more superior to you in every aspect.2句法错误(1) 主谓一致错误 1. The president of the college, together with the deans, are planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain re

15、gulations. 2. Nevertheless we teach students to do and say things with language, which is fundamentally insignificant to them as persons, and consequently they say these things formally and impersonally. 3. 80% of all human illnesses is related to diet.(2) 时态错误 1. E. Wilson (1996) reported that posi

16、tive rein for cement alone is a less effective teaching technique than a mixture of positive rein for cement and constructive criticism. 2. Tolemy taught that the sun revolves around the earth.(3) 语态错误 1. The fact that sleep is essential to life has known for hundreds of years. 2. During the latter

17、part of last century the roads were fully capable of meeting all demands made on them by the horse-drawn traffic for which they built.(4) 语气错误 1. In part, technology has caused the population explosion; many of us wont now be alive if it werent for advances in medical care, agriculture and industry.

18、 2. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.(5) 平行结构错误A. 并列连词引导的平行结构中的错误 1. At Lincoln High School, vandalism can result in suspension or even being expelled from school. 2. Many states are reducing property taxes for homeowners and extend financial ai

19、d in the form of tax credits to renters.B. 关联词引导的平行结构中的错误 1. The shutters were not only too long but also were too wide. 2. I was advised either to change my flight or take the train.C. 比较连词引导的平行结构中的错误 1. It is easier to speak in abstractions than grounding ones thoughts in reality. 2. He couldnt pe

20、rsuade me that giving is as much a joy as to receive.D. 选择连词引导的平行结构中的错误 1. I believe it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages. 2. I decide to write rather than telephone. 3. I would rather stay at home than go for a walk. 4. I always prefer starting early, rather than

21、 leaving everything to the last minute.(6) 其他形式的句子结构错误A. 混淆限定定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别 1. The bridge was destroyed by the flood, that made it impossible for people to cross the river. 2. By 1914 women had the right to vote in 11 states, and their efforts were crowned with final success in the 19th Amendment

22、to the constitution, that was ratified in 1920.B. 混淆单句与独立结构的差别 1. Tome soon appeared again, his blue eyes bore no trace of the agony that had earlier filled them.C. 分词使用错误 1. Some grammarians have called grammatical words “empty” words as opposed to the “full” words of vocabulary. This is rather a m

23、isled way of expressing the distinction. 2. The tribes consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods.3逻辑错误(1) 逻辑前后矛盾(2) 逻辑混乱附件1.His urge to go is held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest.(97)2.Frequently, committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting invest

24、igative hearings(04)3.The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for education.(05)4. serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper.(07)5.practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per ever

25、y day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling. (02)6.When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has two things in common with any other infant, provided neither of them have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. (98)7.T

26、he English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers.(06)8.We begin the “natural” learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write,

27、and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours(02) 9.For this reason, biologists now suggest that language be “species specific” to the human race.(98)10. to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in nati

28、onal issues. (04)11.Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meaning as well as agreed conventions as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular message(06)12.after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom”（03）

29、13. It is often said, of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, but the necessary evidence is entirely lacking;. (07)14.Most committee hearings are open to public and are reported widely in the mass media. (04)15.The biggest cost of being in the school is fo

30、regoing income from a job (05)16.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. (01)17.They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth

31、rate to a twentieth century height after more than. (03)18.His politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise.(97)19. there is a sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is veil”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. (00)20.It had ha

32、ppened too often that they sold their wheat shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. (01)21. and it often comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves.(02)22.their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. (03)23