英语高二英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析.docx
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英语高二英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析
【英语】高二英语阅读理解
(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(湿度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide"saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.
45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.
"Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms(机制)involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,"theresearcherssaid."Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify."
Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles(爬行动物)smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陈代谢).Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.
Warm-bloodedanimalsaren'timmune(免除)fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.
ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.
Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.
(1)Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?
A. Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.
B. HowclimatechangesinEarth'shistory?
C. Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.
D. Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.
(2)Theunderlinedword"trumped"mthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.
A. strengthened
B. gained
C. beaten
D. equaled
(3)ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.
A. theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller
B. alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmaller
C. climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals
D. increaseinenergyusecanleadtocreaturesgettingsmaller
(4)Whatdoestheauthorfeelabouttheclimatechange?
A. Disappointed
B. Optimistic
C. Worried
D. Shameful
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象,气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响,人类需要尽快采取措施。
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(湿度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大,但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(湿度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大,但是气候的变化让物种变小。
可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。
故“beat”与该词同义。
选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。
可知作者对气候变化很担心。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens,andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.
Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.
Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick,inventivebrainandplentyofexperience,butifoneusesthesefoolishly,oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwayscomewithage——thereareplentyoffoolishmiddle-agedpeopleabout——buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder,usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.
(1)Accordingtothewriter,thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin________.
A.yearsofhardwork
B.sharpnessofthebrain
C.richexperience
D.hisdeepunderstandingofthenature
(2)Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause .
A.theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperience
B.theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalents
C.theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailures
D.theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork
(3)Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat .
A.ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakes
B.itcontributestoone'screativity
C.itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficulty
D.itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts
(4)Thewritercametobelievethat .
A.itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefuture
B.itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossible
C.oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforward
D.onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰,在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。
除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外,智慧也非常重要,因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。
人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段“Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,...andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.”人们发现,16岁以后,我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。
在某些类型的活动中,人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,...我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。
用余生来整理和安排这些发现。
根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知,他的伟大的发现是在20-25岁之间,更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰,可推断出,本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段“Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种),经验比头脑的敏捷更重要,人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。
可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom....Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外,还有一件事是非常重要的,那就是智慧。
学习成为智者,要基本的了解什么是不可能的;学习有可能但又很困难的东西,以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。
最重要的是了解人性,了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的,以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。
由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做,什么不能做,即为人提供正确的努力方向。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,”成为智者,要大体上知道什么是不可能的。
学习有可能但又如此困难的东西,以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。
最重要的是学习人性,了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的,以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。
人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.......由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.
Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(应答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighbor