英语高二英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析.docx

1、英语高二英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析【英语】高二英语阅读理解(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide said

2、researchers from the National University of Singapore. 45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures. We do

3、not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected, the researchers said. Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify. The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer te

4、mperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing number

5、s, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing. Warm-blooded animals arent immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records. This is not

6、the first time this has happened in Earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change. The speed o

7、f modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.（1）What does the text mainly talk about? A.Why some species become smaller.B.How climate changes in Earths history?C.Climate cha

8、nge has many negative effects.D.Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.（2）The underlined word trumped m the first paragraph probably mean_. A.strengthenedB.gainedC.beatenD.equaled（3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that_. A.they have found the exact causes f

9、or creatures getting smallerB.all the animals on the earth have become smallerC.climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animalsD.increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller（4）What does the author feel about the climate change? A.DisappointedB.OptimisticC.WorriedD.Sh

10、ameful【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the

11、 benefits of increased carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of i

12、ncreased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。故“beat”与该词同义。选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or

13、adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。可知作者对气候变化很担心。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 It has been discovered that after the

14、 age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cell

15、s freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them. But in certain other types o

16、f activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life. Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdo

17、m. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually

18、 by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as a

19、gainst how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.（1）According to the

20、writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in_. A.years of hard workB.sharpness of the brainC.rich experienceD.his deep understanding of the nature（2）Some people achieve success much later in life because . A.their work often requires much experienceB.they do not have

21、 a chance to show their talentsC.they have to learn lessons from failuresD.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work（3）The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that . A.it helps to avoid various mistakesB.it contributes to ones creativityC.it encourages one to go forward in face of d

22、ifficultyD.it provides the right direction of efforts（4）The writer came to believe that . A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the futureB.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossibleC.one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forwardD.one has to us

23、e wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decreas

24、e at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, . and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidyi

25、ng them up and arranging them.” 人们发现，16岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,. 我们知道阿尔伯特爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大的发现是在20-25岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰，可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author

26、 is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain a

27、nd experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible； and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how

28、 real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Leaning t

29、o be wise is basically learning what is not possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One

30、can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.

31、由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouths School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighbor