分离工程Separation engineering.docx

分离工程Separation engineering.docx

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分离工程Separationengineering

分离工程（Separationengineering）

The1.equilibriumseparationprocessisthetransportofthematerialintheheterogeneousphase.Itistheadditionofanenergyseparationagentandamaterialseparationagenttotheformationofthesecondphaseintheoperation.

For2.pairsofmulticomponentsystems,itisnecessarytoseparateCpureproductswithonecomponent,requiring（C-1）towers,andthenumberofprocessesrequiredforthetowertobecomposedof（S={2（n-1））!

/n!

（n-1）!

}

3.withtheincreaseofthevaporpressuredifferenceofthepurecomponent,thelowestazeotropemovestowardtheconcentrationdirectionofthecomponentcontaining（lowboilingpoint）,whilethemostGaoHengboilingpointmovestowardtheconcentrationdirectionofthe（GaoFeidian）component.

Intheprocessofchangingtheconcentrationfrom0to1,therelativevolatility（fromlessthan1,equalto1,greaterthan1continuouschange）oftheazeotropeformedby4.negativedeviationsolutionvarieswiththeconcentration.

5.thereareusuallyseveralregenerationmethodsusedinindustry:

（loweringpressure,raisingtemperature,ventilationpurging,displacementdesorption）

6.accordingtotheadsorptionforcebetweenadsorbentsurfaceandadsorbate,adsorptioncanbedividedinto（physicaladsorptionandchemicaladsorption）.

7.theseparationprocesscanbedividedintotheadsorptionofsoluteandtheadsorptionofconcentratedsolutioninthedilutesolution.

8.nonadiabaticabsorptionprocess,therearewaystoderiveheat（intermediateheatconduction,internalheatconduction,circulatingheatconduction）.

9.reverseosmosismembraneseparationprocessgenerallyuses（asymmetricmembrane）,itsrawmaterialis（celluloseacetateanddirectionofpolyamide）,therejectionis（solute,salt）.

10.liquidfilmhastwotypes,emulsionliquidmembraneandsupportedliquidmembrane.

11.thesupercriticalfluidextractionprocesscanbedividedintotwotypes（isothermalvariablepressureprocessandisobaricvariabletemperatureprocess）byusingthecharacteristicsofthecontinuouschangeofthesolubilityofSCFwiththechangeoftemperatureorpressure

12.theseparationprocesscanbedividedintotwocategories:

mechanicalseparationandmasstransferseparation,whichcanbedividedintoequilibriumseparationprocessandrateseparationprocessaccordingtothemasstransfermechanism.

13.becauseofthedifferenceofpositiveandnegativedeviationsfromtheidealsolution,thelowestboilingpointandthehighestboilingpointcanbeformed.

14.heterogeneousazeotropecanonlybeproducedby（positivedeviation）solution.

The15.absorptionprocesscanbedividedintophysicaladsorptionandchemicaladsorptionaccordingtotheprocessofchemicalreaction.

16.commonadsorptionseparationequipmentmainly（adsorptionstirredtank,fixedbedadsorber,movingbedadsorptiontower,floatingbedadsorptiontower）.

17.variabletemperatureadsorptionseparationprocessismainlyapplicableto（gaspurification,liquidpurification）,pressureswingadsorptionissuitablefor（gasmainbodyseparation）,variableconcentrationadsorptionapplicableto（liquidmainseparation）.

18.membraneseparationprocessmainlyincludesthreetypesofprocesses,namely,dialysismembraneseparation,filtrationmembraneseparation,membraneseparation.

19.microporousmembraneseparationprocessusuallyadopts（porousmembrane）,itsrawmaterialis（naturalorsyntheticpolymer）,theinterceptionis（suspendedparticles,fiber）.

Thecharacteristicsof20.supercriticalfluidsare（highdiffusivity,lowviscosity,lowsurfacetension）.

21.accordingtothedifferentphysicalandchemicalprinciples,thecommonlyusedmasstransferseparationprocesscanbedividedintoequilibriumseparationprocessandrateseparationprocess.

Theconditionofthe22.phaseequilibriumisthatthetemperatureandpressureofallphasesareequal,andthechemicalpositionsofeachcomponentareequal.

Theseparationof23.ormorecomponentsshouldbeseparatedfromthecomponentswhichrequirehighseparationorthemostdifficultseparation.

24.theseparationofminimumworkisthattheseparationprocessmustconsumetheenergyoftheline,itisintheseparationprocess（reversible）istheworkconsumed.

25.theextractantinextractivedistillationhopestoformanidealsolutionwithapositivedeviationfromthebottomofthecolumn.

When26.azeotropicagentsandcomponentsformtheazeotropewiththelowesttemperature,theazeotropicagentcomesoutofthetop.

27.fromthepointofviewofenergysaving,thehighestcontentofcomponentsinfeedshouldbeseparatedasearlyaspossible.

28.chemisorptionisgenerallyadsorbedon（monolayer）.

29.accordingtothedifferentadsorptionforce,canbedividedinto（physicaladsorptionandchemicaladsorption）.

30.separationisdue