高中英语阅读理解专题突破.docx
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高中英语阅读理解专题突破
第1讲 细节理解题
1.特殊疑问句形式。
以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.判断是非的形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE,NOTtrue/false或EXCEPT等词的判断是非的问题。
要注意题干中是否含有否定词,如not,never等。
3.以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。
4.填空形式。
如TheteacherusedTinkertoysinorderto.(2016·全国Ⅱ,25)
1.直接信息题——题干定位法
细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断,只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。
题干定位法
典题印证
(2016·全国Ⅰ,A片段)
RosaParks(1913-2005)
OnDecember1,1995,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivilrightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.
23.WhomadeagreatcontributiontothecivilrightsmovementintheU.S.?
A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.
C.SandraDayO’Connor. D.RosaParks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
首先根据题干中的“civilrights”可将答案锁定在“RosaParks”一栏中;根据本段中的“HersimpleactlandedParksinprison...andkickedoffthecivilrightsmovement.”可知,RosaParks推动了美国民权运动,故D正确。
名师点津
此类题目适合寻读法,带着问题找句子,即先看问题,记住关键词,如人物、时间、事件、地点等,然后带着问题阅读文章,快速定位有效信息,有的放矢。
2.间接信息题——断章取义法
间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。
断章取义法
典题印证
(2015·浙江,A片段)
Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifthgradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.
41.Accordingtothepassage,children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom.
A.readinglittleandthinkinglittle
B.readingoftenandadventurously
C.beingmadetoreadtoomuch
D.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
题干的意思是:
根据文章,孩子们害怕或者不喜欢读书是因为。
根据本段第二、三句“Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey‘know’allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.”可知孩子们被要求当众大声朗读,当他们不认识单词的时候,他们会犯错,而且是在所有的人面前犯错,这会让他们害怕。
此题没有直接答案而是用一种同义表达的形式提示答案。
3.排序题——首尾排除法
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”,即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情,使用排除法迅速缩小范围,从而快速选出正确选项;也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除,得出正确选项。
典题印证
(2014·四川,C片段)
Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.
Izzy,nine,restartedherfatherColm’sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.
Izzy’smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.
However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren’tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather’schestinstead.
Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.
Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said:
“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn’tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”
40.What’stherightorderoftheevents?
①IzzykickedColm.
②Debbiecalled999.
③IzzylearnedCPR.
④Colm’sheartstopped.
A.③①②④B.④②③①
C.③④②①D.④③①②
答案 C
解析 事件排序题。
根据文章的叙述可知,女孩以前就学会了CPR,在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后,她的母亲先拨打了999,女孩想要在救护车到来前对父亲进行急救,却发现自己的手臂力气不够用,才采用踩父亲胸部的方式。
故选C。
4.数字计算题——查读分析法
此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节,但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。
具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。
此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”,即先阅读题干,然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记,按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字,然后进行简单的计算。
典题印证
(2015·四川,C片段)
Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas£172,000ayear.
Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo,aswellasthehourstheyareworking,todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome£30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.
38.HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?
A.£30,000.B.£142,000.
C.£172,000.D.£202,000.
答案 B
解析 数字计算题。
根据文中的“...theywouldearnasmuchas£172,000ayear.”以及“Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome£30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.”可知,总理的工资是£172000-£30000=£142000。
故选择B。
A
MakeaDifferencewithYourPhotography
TakethechancetomakearealdifferencewithyourphotographyandcontributetoOneMinuteonEarth,aprojectaimingtohelpstreetchildrenaroundtheworld.
WeallliveontheplanetEarth,indifferenttimezonesanddifferentpartsoftheworld.Whenyoureadthis,itwillbenightinonepartoftheworldandmorningsomewhereelse.Asunsetandasunriseisalwaysthereatanyminuteonearth.
In2015onthe7thofAprilat13:
00(NewYorktime),200photographersallaroundtheworldclickedonthebuttonoftheircamerasallwithinthesameminuteonearth.Fromalltheseamazinglandscapephotosandstories,aphotobookwasmadewhichwassoldtoraisemoneyforcharity.
100%ofthisprofitwasdonatedtotheAshalayamDeutschlandorganisationwhichusedthismoneytosupportastreetchildrencenterinKolkata,India.Youcanstillbuythisbookfromourwebsite,whichwillhelpuscontinuetosupportthekids.
Weplantoholdthiseventannually,withthenextonescheduledonJune21st,2017at21:
00(NewYorktime).MoneyraisedfromthesaleofthenewphotobookwillgotoahomeinSouthAfricawhere75parentlesschildrenlive.Thisyear’seventwillincludenotonlylandscapephotosbutalsostreetphotos.Themainruleisthattheskymustbeshowninthephoto,soallcanseeatwhattimeitwasshotwhenthisyear’sOneMinuteonEarthgottoyou.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了OneMinuteonEarth这个项目,主要是通过摄影来筹钱帮助那些流浪街头的孩子。
1.WhatisthemaingoalofOneMinuteonEarth?
A.Toraisemoneyforstreetchildren.
B.Topublishaphotobook.
C.Tofindthebestpicture.
D.Totakepicturesofdifferentplaces.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据文章第一段中的“...OneMinuteonEarth,aprojectaimingtohelpstreetchildrenaroundtheworld.”以及第三段末句中的“...aphotobookwasmadewhichwassoldtoraisemoneyforcharity.”可知,这个项目的目的是帮助流浪街头的孩子,为他们捐钱,故选A。
2.Whatdothe2015and2017eventshaveincommon?
A.Theytakeplaceonthesamedate.
B.Theyeachproduceaphotobook.
C.Theyrequirethesametypeofpictures.
D.Themoneyraisedgoestothesamechildren.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
2015和2017分别出现在第三段和最后一段。
根据第三段末句的“...aphotobookwasmadewhichwassoldtoraisemoneyforcharity.”以及最后一段第二句“MoneyraisedfromthesaleofthenewphotobookwillgotoahomeinSouthAfricawhere75parentlesschildrenlive.”可知2015年用那些照片制作了photobook,2017年也会制作photobook,故选B。
3.Whatisthemainruleofthe2017event?
A.Allphotosmustbelandscapes.
B.ThephotosmustbetakeninAfrica.
C.Theskymustappearineveryphoto.
D.Eachphotographercansubmitonlyonephoto.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由the2017event可定位至文章最后一段,由themainrule可定位至该段最后一句“Themainruleisthattheskymustbeshowninthephoto...”,由此可知它的主要规则是天空必须出现在照片中,故选C。
B
Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot.
Xiaoice,Microsoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2014,andreturnedtoWeChatin2015,whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,TheNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttextbasedconversationswithXiaoice.
“HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,”LiuJinchang,aresearcheratHightechResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis(表情符号)inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.
Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.
Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,TheNewYorkTimespointedout.However,itmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa“Samantha”,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,SamanthasparksaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.
语篇解读 本文介绍了人工智能程序的发展情况,列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎,IBM的人工智能程序成为学术顾问,但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上,人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。
4.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?
A.Shebecameabestseller.
B.Shebecameverypowerful.
C.Shebecameamoneymaker.
D.Shebecameverypopular.
答案 D
解析 句意理解题。
根据“...shebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily...”可知,她在微信上大受欢迎,中国很多年轻人都喜欢与她聊天,故选D。
5.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?
A.Dohousework.
B.Spreadmessages.
C.Identifyvariousphotos.
D.Readnewstoitsusers.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句中的“...herabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis...”可知,她可以分辨照片和发送表情符号,故选C。
6.Whichcompany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?
A.Microsoft.B.IBM.
C.Apple.D.Amazon.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
由题干中的“academicconsultant”可定位至第四段中的“IBM’slatestartificialintelligence