高中英语阅读理解专题突破.docx

1、高中英语阅读理解专题突破第1讲细节理解题1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2判断是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等词的判断是非的问题。要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。如The teacher used Tinkertoys in order to .(2016全国，25)1直接信息题题干定位法细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。题干

2、定位法典题印证(2016全国，A片段)Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1,1995，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights move

3、ment.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.23Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams. BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.答案D解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civilrights”可将答案锁定在“Rosa Parks”一栏中；根据本段中的“Her simple act landed Parks in prison.and

4、kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks推动了美国民权运动，故D正确。名师点津此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。2间接信息题断章取义法间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。断章取义法典题印证(2015浙江，A片段)From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of p

5、ossible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.After

6、 having taught fifthgrade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.41According to the passage，childrens fear and dislike of books may result from .Areading little and thinking littleBrea

7、ding often and adventurouslyCbeing made to read too muchDbeing made to read aloud before others答案D解析细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，孩子们害怕或者不喜欢读书是因为 。根据本段第二、三句“When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they know all the words they are reading.This

8、 means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.”可知孩子们被要求当众大声朗读，当他们不认识单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面前犯错，这会让他们害怕。此题没有直接答案而是用一种同义表达的形式提示答案。3排序题首尾排除法这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐

9、一排除，得出正确选项。典题印证(2014四川，C片段)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother，D

10、ebbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.However，she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough，so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) unt

11、il the ambulance arrived.Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital w

12、ith a big footprint on his chest.”40Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A BC D答案C解析事件排序题。根据文章的叙述可知，女孩以前就学会了CPR，在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩想要在救护车到来前对父亲进行急救，却发现自己的手臂力气不够用，才采用踩父亲胸部的方式。故选C。4数字计算题查读分析法此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正

13、确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。典题印证(2015四川，C片段)Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as 172,

14、000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.38How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A30,000. B142,000.C172,000. D

15、202,000.答案B解析数字计算题。根据文中的“.they would earn as much as 172,000 a year.”以及“This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.”可知，总理的工资是172 00030 000142 000。故选择B。AMake a Difference with Your PhotographyTake the chance to make a real difference with your photography and contri

16、bute to One Minute on Earth，a project aiming to help street children around the world.We all live on the planet Earth，in different time zones and different parts of the world.When you read this，it will be night in one part of the world and morning somewhere else.A sunset and a sunrise is always ther

17、e at any minute on earth.In 2015 on the 7th of April at 13：00 (New York time)，200 photographers all around the world clicked on the button of their cameras all within the same minute on earth.From all these amazing landscape photos and stories，a photobook was made which was sold to raise money for c

18、harity.100% of this profit was donated to the Ashalayam Deutschland organisation which used this money to support a street children center in Kolkata，India.You can still buy this book from our website，which will help us continue to support the kids.We plan to hold this event annually，with the next o

19、ne scheduled on June 21st,2017 at 21：00 (New York time)Money raised from the sale of the new photobook will go to a home in South Africa where 75 parentless children live.This years event will include not only landscape photos but also street photos.The main rule is that the sky must be shown in the

20、 photo，so all can see at what time it was shot when this years One Minute on Earth got to you.语篇解读文章主要介绍了 One Minute on Earth这个项目，主要是通过摄影来筹钱帮助那些流浪街头的孩子。1What is the main goal of One Minute on Earth?ATo raise money for street children.BTo publish a photobook.CTo find the best picture.DTo take picture

21、s of different places.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“.One Minute on Earth，a project aiming to help street children around the world.”以及第三段末句中的“.a photobook was made which was sold to raise money for charity.”可知，这个项目的目的是帮助流浪街头的孩子，为他们捐钱，故选A。2What do the 2015 and 2017 events have in common?AThey take place on th

22、e same date.BThey each produce a photobook.CThey require the same type of pictures.DThe money raised goes to the same children.答案B解析细节理解题。2015和2017分别出现在第三段和最后一段。根据第三段末句的“.a photobook was made which was sold to raise money for charity.”以及最后一段第二句“Money raised from the sale of the new photobook will go

23、 to a home in South Africa where 75 parentless children live.”可知2015年用那些照片制作了photobook,2017年也会制作photobook，故选B。3What is the main rule of the 2017 event?AAll photos must be landscapes.BThe photos must be taken in Africa.CThe sky must appear in every photo.DEach photographer can submit only one photo.答

24、案C解析细节理解题。由the 2017 event可定位至文章最后一段，由the main rule可定位至该段最后一句“The main rule is that the sky must be shown in the photo.”，由此可知它的主要规则是天空必须出现在照片中，故选C。BYou use her as a shoulder to cry on.She texts you back with casual jokes.But she，Xiaoice，is only a virtual chatbot.Xiaoice，Microsofts latest artificial i

25、ntelligence robot，was briefly released in 2014，and returned to WeChat in 2015，where she became a big hit.Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily，The New York Times reported.On WeChat，Xiaoice is an official account.After following it，users can start textbased conversations with

26、 Xiaoice.“Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice，” Liu Jinchang，a researcher at Hightech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology，told China Daily.Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符号) in conversations，X

27、iaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users，China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid1960s in the US.Driven by top tech companies，they are becoming smarter and more common.For instance，IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic co

28、nsultant at Australias Deakin University，answering students questions about course schedules and financial aid.Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news，play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones，into

29、 televisions，cars and living rooms，The New York Times pointed out.However，it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”，the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her.In the film，Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix.Many viewers wer

30、e enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.语篇解读本文介绍了人工智能程序的发展情况，列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序成为学术顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。4What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?AShe became a best seller.BShe became very powerful.CShe became a money maker.DShe became very popul

31、ar.答案D解析句意理解题。根据“.she became a big hit.Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily.”可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，中国很多年轻人都喜欢与她聊天，故选D。5Which of the following can Xiaoice do?ADo housework.BSpread messages.CIdentify various photos.DRead news to its users.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“.her ability to identify photos and send emojis.”可知，她可以分辨照片和发送表情符号，故选C。6Which companys chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?AMicrosoft. BIBM.CApple. DAmazon.答案B解析细节理解题。由题干中的“academic consultant”可定位至第四段中的“IBMs latest artificial intelligence