上海高中语法第11讲 阅读写作及翻译技巧2.docx

上海高中语法第11讲 阅读写作及翻译技巧2.docx

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上海高中语法第11讲阅读写作及翻译技巧2

阅读写作及翻译技巧

StepI.

Skill1:

Bydefinition（定义型）

Example1

–Achemist’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.

–Suchexperiencesarenotunusualfortheamateurconchologists,peoplewhocollectshells.

–Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.

1.Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythe　male,claimsasitsown.

2.Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,toolsandweapons.

3．Ifmentalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle---thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

4.Theprincipal---moneyheputinhissavingsaccounttoearninterest---wassafeeventhoughthebankwasclosedbythepolice.

SkillII:

Bysynonym（同义型）

Example2

Ifyouhappenedtobesittinginthewoodsoutsidethecity,youmighthavewitnessedastrangesight.Youwouldhaveseenaveryproudlookingmanridingalonghorseback,sayingsomething.

Theirfriendslaughedatthem,andthesistersfeltwretched,veryunhappy.Oneofthemevencriedandsobbed.

Thehottropicalweathercreatedafeelingoflassitudeandencouragedlaziness.

Skill3:

Byantonym（反义型）

Example3

1.Themajorpointsofyourplanarecleartome,butthedetailsarestillhazy.

2.SomecriticshavepraisedJamesMichener’sepicnovelsfortheirfactsbutdeploredtheircharacterizations.

1.Inthenorthernregions,thewintersaregenerallycoldandhumid,andthesummershotanddry.

2.Duringofficehourshelookedtenseandanxious,butonweekendshewasquiterelaxed.

3.Ifyouagree,say“yes”;ifyoudisapprove,say“no”.

Skill4:

Byillustration（例证型）

Example4

1.Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolorTV.（家用电器）

2.Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweaponsandwalkedoutofthehouseswiththeirhandsovertheirheads.（投降）

1.Thisshopsellspens,pencil-boxes,sharpeners,erasers,rulesandotherkindsofstationery.（文具）

2.Condimentse.g.pepper,salt,sugarandmustard,makefoodtastebetter.（调味品）

3.Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:

TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.（期刊、杂志）

Skill5:

Byexperience（经验型）

Example5

“Idon’thavemyfamily,”saidtheboy,“Iamanorphan.”

NiagaraFallsisagreattouristattraction,luringmillionsofvisitorseachyear.（吸引）

Skill6：

Byinference（推断型）

Example6

•Thelightwasverydimintheroom,soIcouldn’tseehimclearly.（昏暗）

•Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.（全神贯注）

•TheGovernmentisunderenormouspressuretoraisetheceiling,duetounexpectedeconomiccrisis.（达到极限）

1.“Myfriends,I…I…”　Butsomethingchokedhim;hecouldn’tfinishthesentence.（哽咽）

2.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,collapsedontheground.（瘫倒）

广告、海报、图表、网页等应用类文章阅读

●文章信息量大，实际应用性强

●常有黑体字，小标题，图片等

●多考查快速搜寻所需信息的能力

●常可采取先看题目，后搜寻信息的方法来解题

●不要忽略语段头尾的标注

DriverWanted

1.Cleandrivinglicense

2.Mustbeofsmartappearance

3.Agedover25

Applyto:

CapesTaxi,17PalaceRoad,Roston

AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted

1.Applicantsmustbebetween20and33yearsold.

2.Height1.6mto1.75m.

3.EducationtoGCSEstandard.

4.Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.

Applyto:

Recruitmentoffice,SouthernAirlines,HeathrowAirport,West.HR37KK

TeachersNeeded

Forprivatelanguageschool.

Teachingexperienceunnecessary.

Applyto:

TheDirectorofStudies,InstantLanguageLtd,279CanalStreet,Roston

1.WhatpreventsJack,anexperiencedtaxidriver,workingforCapesTaxis?

A.Fondofbeerandwine

B.Punishedforspeedingandwrongparking.

C.Unabletospeakaforeignlanguage.

D.Nothavingacollegeeducation.

2.Ben,age22,fondofswimminganddriving,hasjustgraduatedfromacollege.Whichjobmightbegiventohim?

A.DrivingforCapesTaxis.

B.WorkingforSouthernAirlines.

C.TeachingatInstantlanguageLtd.

D.Noneofthethree.

3.WhatpreventMary,aged25,becominganairhostess?

A.Sheoncebrokeatrafficlawandwasfined.

B.Shecan’tspeakJapaneseverywell.

C.Shehasneverworkedasanairhostessbefore.

D.Shedoesn’tfeellikeworkinglonghoursflyingabroad.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthethreeadvertisement?

A.MarriageB.MaleorFemaleC.EducationD.Workingexperience

题型分类之概括主旨

1）Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven’teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwascalledfastfoods:

ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

•Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?

•A.Somepeoplelikemeat,somelikefishwhileotherslikevegetables.

•B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.

•C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.

•D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.

2）AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.

✧Thispassagemainlytellsus_______.

A.howAmericansshowrespecttoothers

B.howJapaneseshowrespecttotheirAmericanacquaintances

C.AmericansandJapanesehavedifferentwaysofshowingrespect

D.AmericansandJapanesefeelembarrassedwhenmeetingeachother

3.）Whentheweatherisclear,pilotsusetheireyestokeeptheairplaneflyingstraightandlevel.Inlowvisiblesituations,however,theeyeandotherorientationsenses,suchasoursenseofbalance,arenotonlyuseless,theymaybetotallymisleading.Theonlysafewaytoflyanairplaneinlowvisibleconditionsistouseinstruments,whichindicatethealtitudeoftheairplane.

✧Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Inbadweather,thesensescanbemisleading.

B.Flyinganairplanecanbeverydifficult.

C.Whenvisibilityislow,theonlysafewaytoflyanairplaneisbyusingflightinstrument.

D.Whentheweatherisclear,pilotsusetheireyestokeeptheairplaneflyingstraight.

题型分类之推理判断

•这类题目题干的主要描述方法有：

•Wecaninferthat______.

•Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.

•Thepassageimplies/suggeststhat____.

推断方式可分为：

1.事实细节推理。

注意排除意义范围较大的选项或超出文章范围的选项，所选答案一定要最大程度地切合原文意义。

2.隐含意义推理。

由表层意义为前提推断深层含义。

注意有时隐含意义难以捉摸，必须整体理解，通盘考虑。

3.针对性推理。

以选项地针对性，侧重点，和问句的内容为前提推断。

排除旁敲侧击，答非所问的选项。

4.排除法推理。

排除明显错误的选项缩小范围，逐步得出答案。

1）Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?

AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery,anddeath.Franklyspeaking,…

●Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_______.

A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform

2）SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesightedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.

●Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison_______.

A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanada

B.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrain

C.existedbeforetheIceAge

D.havebeenkilledorhavediedout

3）局部错误

Moreandmorecompaniesareallowingtheirofficeworkerstowearcasualtowork.IntheUnitedStates,thechangefromformaltocasualofficewearhasbeenslow.Intheearly1990s,manycompaniesallowedtheiremployeestowearcasualclothesonFriday.Thisbecameknownas“dress-downFriday”or“casualFriday”.“Whatstartedoutasanextraone-day-weekbenefitfromemployershasreallybecomeaneverydaything.”SaidbusinessconsultantAndonyJones.

●Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Companyworkersstartedtodresscasuallyonworkingdaysabout20yearsago.

B.Dress-downhasbecomeaneverydayphenomenonsincetheearly1990s.

C.“Dress-downFriday”wasfirstgivenasafavorfromemployers.

D.Manyworkerswanttowearcasualclothestoimpresspeople

题型分类之把握细节

信息完整

1）AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.

ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobithatthereisanelevatorgoesdownforty-forstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LaterinwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneofthehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.

●HooverDamlies___________.

A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyon

C.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB

2）表述不同

InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogrammeStarsTonight,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenla